Linguistically relevant degrees of word stress

Functions of the word stress

Accentual Tendencies

1) recessive;

2) retentive;

3) rhythmic;

4) semantic.

1. constitutive 2. distinctive 3. identificatory

Word stress is defined as:

1) (B.A.Bogoroditsky);

2) (D.Jones);

3) (H.Sweet);

4) (A.C.Gimson).

The auditory impression of stress is.

The correlation of degrees of prominence of the syllables in a word forms the stress pattern of the word, which is called the.

Monosyllabic words have no stress patterns.

The placement of stress is conditioned by the context.

Though in general the word stress pattern is conditioned only by objective factors: pronunciation tendencies and the orthoepic norm, it can also be conditioned by..........................

The distortion of a word stress pattern leads to speech unintelligibility.

The effect of prominence may be produced by a greater degree of loudness, greater length of the stressed syllable, or by some modifications in its pitch and quality.

Their acoustic correlates are:.

On the acoustic level the syllable prominence is manifested in intensity, duration, frequency, formant structure. All these parameters generally interact to produce the effect of prominence.

Depending on which parameter is the leading one, word stress in different languages may be of different types:

1) dynamic stress –

2) musical stress –

3) Swedish word stress is

4) quantitative stress –

5) qualitative stress

English word stress is considered as dynamic, but in fact it is of a complex nature.

It means that stress in English manifests itself in different ways,

In identical positions the intensity of English vowels is different; it is the highest in the vowel /A:/, then the other vowels can be located in such an order according to the decrease of their inherent intensity: /O: > 3: > i: > u: > { > Q > e > U > I/, the last one / I/ having the lowest degree of its inherent intensity.

All English vowels may occur in stressed syllables, except

English diphthongs may partially lose their glide quality. Syllables of SC type are never stressed.

The Ukrainian word stress is also regarded as.

D.Jones, R.Kingdon, V.Vassilyev consider that there are three degrees of word stress in English:

Most English phoneticians put the stress mark before the stressed syllable and don’t mark monosyllabic words.

American linguists (B.Bloch, G.Trager, A.Hill) distinguish four degrees of word stress: 1) loud / " /, 2) reduced loud / ì/, 3) medial / è/ and 4) weak, which is not indicated.

H.A.Gleason defines such types of stress:

Secondary stress occurs before the primary. Tertiary stress usually occurs after the primary stress. Tertiary stress is linguistically important since it serves to differentiate some regional variants of English pronunciation, namely British and American.

H. Sweet distinguishes the following types of word stress: 1) extrastrong, or emphatic /; /, 2) strong 3) medium or half-strong /: / and 4) weak / </.

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11