The phonetic style-forming means

Classification of phonostyles.

The notion of style of pronunciation was introduced by M.Lomonosov in the 18^th century. Since then it has attracted many linguists. But still there is no generally accepted classification of styles of pronunciation.

L.Shcherba distinguishes

R.Kingdon mentions two distinct styles:

Some linguists (e.g. R.Avanesov, L.Bulanin) distinguish three styles of pronunciation:

There are classifications which include a greater number of styles of pronunciation. Thus D.Jones speaks about five pronunciation styles:

J.Kenyon differentiates four principal styles of pronunciation or, as he says, styles of “good spoken English”:

D.Crystal and D.Davy consider that

and the speaker is in, including his/her social position and the person spoken to. Their main concern is to establish the general phonetic distinctions of the varieties of current English, such as conversational English, which includes discussion, talking shop, etc., television advertising recorded by professional actors, etc.

As we see, all these classifications differ not only in the number of styles. They are based on different principles: the degree of carefulness (L.Shcherba, R.Avanesov), the extent of formality (J.Kenyon), the rate of speech (D.Jones), the social situations (D.Crystal, D.Davy).

Some attempts have been made to classify the varieties of speech on the basis of their phonetic features as well as other linguistic characteristics.

Prof. D.Abercrombie, for instance, classes them into

But this classification is inconsistent since

There is evidently a correlation between phonetic and the so-called “speech styles ” since they are all conditioned by the circumstances of reality in which language functions, the kind of situation the speaker happens to be and by the aim of the speech situation. So the question of the types of styles still remains open whether there are as many phonetic styles as there are speech styles. It means that there is an obvious interconnection between phonetic and speech styles.

At present scholars share the classification offered by Prof. S.Gaiduchick who distinguished the following phonetic styles:

In their turn each of the styles mentioned above should be classified into substyles, for example, the phonetic styles of spontaneous speech is classed into official, informal, familiar (or careless) style. Each of these subgroups includes numerous varieties modified by extralinguistic factors.

The phonetic style-forming means include both segmental and suprasegmental levels.

Дата добавления: 2014-01-11