Информация для преподавателя 6 страница

Упражнение 42

1. Can you depend on their executing the order carefully?
2. There is little likelihood of the goods remaining unsold after the 15th of September.
3. I don't consider him to be a good manager.
4. We don’t expect him to solve this problem.
5. In the event of more than one shipment being made, each shipment is to be considered a separate contract.
6. The tool-machine to be installed in our shop is likely to be put into operation next month.
7. Machines of tomorrow are certain to decrease the labour intensity of some production processes by almost 15 per cent.
8. One cannot expect a complicated problem of using solar energy to be solved in a year or so.
9. Sound is known to travel in water at the speed of about a mile a second, the exact speed depending upon the tem­perature of water.
10. There are several methods of heating thermonuclear fuel to the required temperature, one of them employing the laser.
11. By means of a gas laser one can perform a high-quality transmission of information, the amount of information being extremely great.
12. Minicomputers are known to be used as part of the ro­bots and digital programme control technological equip­ment.
13. Computing equipment is considered to make production process more effective.
14. To programme a computer is to analyse the problem to be solved and to make a plan for solving it.
15. The steamer left the port without having taken the nessecary goods on board.
16. Our meeting him there was a pleasant surprise.
17. She wrote the letter without my knowing it.
18. Their leaving before the end of the concert attracted attention.
19. We insisted on the goods being packed in double bags.
20. How much time will it take to get there?
21. She has spent a great deal of time in the Far East, doesn’t she?
22. We knew that the changes in air temperature proved to have affected the operation of the computer.
23. He asked us who had signed the contract.
24. This would mean that in the future we can expect the emergence of photon computers and that commutations will be done by means of light.
25. We shall not leave home until you come.
26. The problem we are dealing with is that it is very important for our work to solve it as soon as possible.
27. This is the book you need.
28. Yesterday I met an old schoolfellow whom I recognized at once.
29. My father who is an old sailor often tells me stories about the sea.
30. Since no heating is required there is no delay in transistor equipment waiting for things to warm up, as there is with thermionic valves.
31. The greater the number of free electrons in a substance, the better this substance conducts electricity.
32. Unless the temperature rises, the speed of the motion of the molecules will not increase.
33. Were the temperature increased, the velocity of the molecular motion would also be increased.
34. It is the hydro-engineering complex which will protect Lenin­grad from floods.
35. It is to be noted that automation today is an im­portant factor of industrial production.

Упражнение 43

1. The machine technolo­gist proved to be able to do the function of a programming engineer perfectly well.
2. It is impossible for us to accept these terms.
3. To enter this market requires a lot of hard work.
4. It is important to carry out these changes as quickly.
5. Data transmitted during flight are usually provided to the experimenter on magnetic tape.
6. Who does the idea of creating a multistage rocket belongs to?
7. It is now possible for scientists to find a book or an article quickly with the help of computer systems existing in li­braries.
8. Electric current gives both light and heat.
9. Matter and energy are considered to be neither destroyed nor created.
10. A uniform accel­eration is found to be either positive or negative.
11. In what terms must a problem to be solved by a computer be expressed?
12. A computer is supposed to produce information by some logic process.
13. What proves to be very effective?
14. What data appear to have helped the engineers greatly?
15. This machine seems to per­form all the calculations with low speed, doesn’t it?
16. We objected to the ore being shipped in bulk.
17. They informed us of the vessel having left the port.
18. The buyers had not the right to transfer their rights and obligations under the contract without the sellers' consent being previously obtained.
19. The loss resulted from the vessel being prevented from loading a full cargo.
20. My task having been finished, I went home.
21. I'll pick you up at your hotel at 9 o'clock.
22. Will you have the report ready by tomorrow morning?
23. We've played lots of matches this season, but we haven't won many.
24. Having made a great number of calculations Tsiolkovsky noted that it would be the rocket which would be able to reach outer space.
25. Since these devices are likely to be used by the million in the near future, it is reasonable to ask what a microprocessor is, how it can be used and what its future impact will be.
26. Why don't you answer when you are spoken to?
27. The price mentioned was five per cent lower than that which had been paid under the previous contract.
28. The news that he was coming reached us early in the evening.
29. Ideal would be a single device in which vast amounts of information could be stored in non-volatile form suitable for archival record-keeping and yet be accessible at electronic speeds when called for.
30. The higher the temperature, the more rapid is the motion of the molecules.
31. Were there no Earth's gravitation, artificial satellites would move through airless space in a straight line at a uniform speed.
32. It would have been impossible to launch space satellites and space rockets provided we had not had the necessary materials and synthetic fuels.
33. Don't raise the temperature lest the speed of the reaction should be too high.
34. It is the hydro-engineering complex which will protect Lenin­grad from floods.
35. It is to be noted that automation today is an im­portant factor of industrial production.

Упражнение 44

1. The discovery of a laser is sure to be of great value.
2. The application of this device is unlikely to give better results.
3. Atomic power stations are certain to be de­veloped in our country.
4. Neither of the candidates is really acceptable.
5. Neither have I received any information, nor have I revealed any.
6. The laser seems to have almost unlimited possibilities, doesn’t it?
7. These chemical changes appear to have been caused by heat.
8. The capacity of this device proves to be increasing by and by from its starting.
9. The problem discussed appears to be the most satisfactory.
10. First sputniks are known to have led the way into space.
11. The neutrons and protons of an atom are known to be linked together to form a nucleus.
12. This substance was found to be a mixture of three chemical compounds.
13. Light and radio waves are said to be of similar nature, aren't they?
14. Mary being away, Peter had to do his work.
15. It being very hot, they opened the window.
16. It being very stormy, they stayed at home.
17. All this having been settled, he went home.
18. The preparations being completed, they began to climb up the mountain.
19. You should receive confirmation within the next few days.
20. Shall we start the meeting?
21. Since your first letter, we haven't heard from you.
22. This text has just been translated.
23. We read of our scien­tists' having theoretically calculated that by means of one beam of a gas laser it was possible to transmit many thou­sands of TV programmes.
24. This means that not only is there chemical reaction causing removal of the metallization but also ion-enhanced chemical etching and physical sputtering to the vertical etching essential for precise replication of the resist pattern.
25. It's ages since I saw you last.
26. A microprocessor is a tool that deals with memories by reading and writing process.
27. At first sight it is all it can actually do.
28. The core of the software is an "operating system" that controls the computer's operations and manages the flow of information.
29. Semiconductors let electric current pass through them more easily than insulators do.
30. If they had completed the test, they should have analysed the results.
31. Should a permanent magnet be moved in and out of a coil of wire, both the magnet and the coil would be used as a simple electric generator.
32. It is due to the close cooperation of physicists and chemists that new physical measure­ments were developed.
33. It was Einstein who provided a new conception of time, space and gravitation.
34. The reaction wouldn't proceed until we added some water.

Упражнение 45

1. Do you know this scientist to have been working at this problem for some years?
2. Do you know him to have worked out a new method of applying this alloy in this device?
3. Are there still a lot of problems to be solved?
4. There exist lasers of various sizes, big and small, the latter being widely employed in various branches of our industry.
5. These semiconductor devices are made both of germanium and silicon, the former being in a more advanced state of development.
6. Two objects having the same temperature, the average energy of motion of their molecules is the same.
7. Part of the energy being changed into heat, not all the chemical energy of the battery is transformed into electric energy.
8. He knows of the atomic reactor being fed with uranium 23
9. Without having improved the properties of this alloy we cannot use it in the production process.
10. Does heating the gas increa­se the speed of the mo­lecules?
11. How long does this kind of paint allow the metal to stay under water for several years without being repainted?
12. Does your professor like invit­ing young specialists to take part in his resear­ches?
13. The moon being bright, everything was clearly visible.
14. Our petrol being exhausted, we could go no further.
15. You should be either at your desk or at the blackboard.
16. Both firms have the same scale of organisation.
17. The game having ended, the crowd went home.
18. It was dark, the sun having set an hour before.
19. The concert being over, everyone went away.
20. Shall I present the end-of-уеаr figures now?
21. Should we tell him the bad news now?
22. I've been in England as a matter of fact.
23. We've got a new teacher.
24. The doctor, having examined his wounds, de­clared that he needed the urgent operation.
25. This requires that the melting point of the materials used be much higher than conventional process temperatures.
26. My friend had prepared his report before we spoke to you.
27. The computer has made it possible to mechanize much of the information interchange and processing that constitute the nervous system of our society.
28. Before discussing the patterns themselves it is necessary to examine factors which are likely to interfere with the results.
29. Distributing microprocessing is a technique in which the mam microprocessor of the PC directs other microprocessors throughout the PC system to perform specific functions for it and report their status.
30. She was allowed to carry out this research as she had taken part in the scientific symposium.
31. The bigger the mass, the bigger the weight of the body.
32. Had the information been received in time, we should have used it in our calculations.
33. Provided the operator's cabin had been equipped with electronic control, he would have been able to work faster and with greater precision.
34. It was Popov who invented radio at the end of the nineteenth century.
35. It is not until we install new equipment, we will not manage to carry out the plan.

Упражнение 46

1. Are they no longer sur­prised at watching a te­lecast from outer space?
2. Why does he avoid being invited to take part in their own researches?
3. Are they no longer surprised at telecasts being shown from outer space?
4. Using atomic fuel for the production of electri­city is one of the most promising sources.
5. Atomic fuel being used for the production of electricity is one of the most promising.
6. Scientists have still much to do to make atom serve man.
7. Heating a semiconductor causes free electrons to appear.
8. In order to do work two conditions are necessary: there must be a force and it must act through a distance.
9. The proton and neutron have almost the same weight, but the electron weighs as much as a proton or neutron.
10. The nucleus of hydrogen con­tains but one proton.
11. An electric current is but a proces­sion of charges.
12. Nobody being there, I went away.
13. When transported, gases are compressed into strong cylinders.
14. The results of the experiment will be of great importance for our further work.
15. My brother having taken the key, I could not enter the house.
16. Dinner being over, we continued our work.
17. The letter having been delayed, the news reached us too late.
18. The key having been lost, they could not enter the cottage.
19. May I interrupt the discussion to report the latest news?
20. It may rain tomorrow.
21. This question has already been discussed at the conference.
22. This device has been used in our experiment.
23. John Von Neumann proposed that programs could be coded as numbers and stored with data in a computer's memory.
24. In order to understand how transistors and other circuit elements can be made from silicon, it is necessary to consider the physical nature of semiconductor materials.
25. My friend had prepared his report before we spoke to you.
26. Whereas early developments were concerned with implementation of simple architectures with fundamental concepts and operations, the technology has now advanced to the point where significantly more sophisticated hardware can be (and is being) implemented in current and future microprocessor generations.
27. Nearly one hundred fifty years ago there were no such things as computers — at least in the sense we are using the term now.
28. One approach that will help is parallelism.
29. The higher the voltage, the higher is the electron velocity.
30. Should the scientist use a radio-telescope, he would obtain much more information about that small planet.
31. Could the observations have been proved theoretically, they would have advanced our knowledge in the field of space research.
32. It is John who must have been out of town for the 4 of July.
33. Is it by tomorrow morning that you will have the report ready?
34. No sooner had the delegation arrived than the conference began.

Упражнение 47

1. Unlike solids and liquids all gases have nearly the same coefficient of expansion.
2. It is necessary to have a force to cause electrons to move from their orbits.
3. It is important to find effective methods to make the Sun serve mankind.
4. Testing engines should be carried out on a special stand.
5. By cooling we can turn substances into solids or liquids.
6. To transform water into steam is not a complex process.
7. To transform water into steam one must heat it.
8. One cannot transform water into steam without heating it.
9. The water to be transformed into steam must be heated.
10. Their aim is finding new ways of utilizing this polymer in light industry.
11. Why do scientists take great interest in the methods of turning the light and heat of the sun directly into electricity?
12. Can one transform water into steam without heating it?
13. In converting water into ice we do not change its compo­sition.
14. The weather being fine, all the windows were opened.
15. The play being very popular, it was difficult to get tickets.
16. There being no questions, the meeting finished.
17. We haven't produced a single device this week. — No, we haven't either.
18. His intention was to take his examination on Tuesday.
19. The plan suggested by the engineer was to use the Sun energy for the charge of the battery.
20. Either I or one of my colleges will arrange a taxi for you.
21. I.V. Kurchatov saidthat he was happy to be born in Russia.
22. There is even some confusion concerning what integrated electronics is and what its significance is for the development of science and technology.
23. John was reading a book when I came to see him.
24. Whereas parallel processing is fundamentally an approach to solving problems, distributing computing refers to the form in which parallelism will most likely be executed.
25. A computer is nothing more than a collection of circuits that do a few simple tasks, one at a time.
26. The key is the speed at which these circuits operate and signals that control the flow of electricity through the circuits.
27. The nearer the earth, the denser the atmosphere.
28. If the general price level has been changing during the period under consideration, the figures recorded for the different years will have to be adjusted to take account of the price changes.
29. If land is defined as the total surface area of the plan­et, including oceans, lakes and rivers, then its total quantity is fixed.
30. It was in this country that a large scale production of synthetic rubber was first organized.
31. It is countries with relatively high wage rates which make the most use of labour-saving machinery.
32. Hardly had Java been introduced when/as the advanced manufactures began moving it into the mobile phones.

Упражнение 48

1. Matter can exist in either of the four states — solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma.
2. There is neither air nor water on any part of the Moon.
3. Reaching the Earth the energy sent from the Sun is either absorbed or reflected, or both.
4. Heated glass is plastic.
5. When heated, glass can be easily worked.
6. In order to prevent corrosion metals to be used in industry must be covered with special paint.
7. The problem to find a more economical way of production is to be solved soon.
8. This problem is too complex to be solved by students.
9. This method is not accurate enough to give reliable results.
10. Our task is to obtain a new mixture with new properties.
11. The new power stations are much more powerful than the old ones.
12. Mathematics, physics, a foreign lan­guage are to be studied in the first year at our institute.
13. The theory of the use of molecular beams having been given by Soviet scientists Basov and Prokhorov, experimental construc­tion of quantum devices began.
14. On April 12, 1961, the world learned of Y. Ga­garin's having accomplished successfully the first cosmic flight.
15. It required some more experiments for the scientists to prove the precision of the results obtained.
16. Which of you saw the skilled worker assemble the tiny devices?
17. Did the technician feel anything heavy strike the platform?
18. We can accept either alternative.
19. I haven been to either of those shops.
20. We asked if we should have a lecture on electronics next week.
21. She asked the student if she could translate that article.
22. Scientists report the exterior of a nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamond structure because of its inert properties and strength.
23. I have not seen him since he graduated from the Institute.
24. Should this goal be fully realized, it would extend the capabilities of electronic systems beyond that which can be achieved today.
25. A mask is manufactured, the pattern of which defines the area to be etched, it being opaque (непрозрачный) where etching is to be performed and transparent where the oxide is to be retained.
26. As the known resources of coal and oil are limited, man has to find new sources of power.
27. No sooner the committee started operating than the first positive re­sults could be seen.
28. It is if we install new equipment that we will become more competitive.
29. Had we installed the equipment, we would have become more competitive.
30. It is for this reason that the balance of payments fig­ures are subject to revision in the months following their original publication.
31. It is the act of spending which influences the prices.

Упражнение 49

1. What questions cannot be answered by an engi­neer?
2. New types of electronic and cybernetic devices are to become the basis for the solution of a great number of economic and scientific problems.
3. Chemical materials and products are of great importance for all branches of the economy.
4. There exist more compounds of hydrogen than of any other element.
5. It takes only one hour to get from Saint Petersburg to Moscow by plane.
6. One should handle the unit carefully.
7. Protective clothing must be worn at all times.
8. Industries producing steel, paper and chemicals require very large quantities of water and tend to be found near rivers.
9. Having explored the possible relationship between capacity and expected output, we now examine the behav­iour of costs as actual output changes.
10. Most industries make use of a variety of machines, each machine carrying out a different operation.
11. The information obtained is very valuable.
12. We can make an atom serve the needs of man.
13. We didn’t expect this scientist to be working at this scientific problem.
14. We didn't know this scientist to work in the field of quantum theory.
15. Who wants the new methods to be used in the production process?
16. Specialists believe fiber-optic cables to be widely utilized in different industries.
17. The students were told that they didn't need to translate the text.
18. The teacher said to us that we weren't to look up the words in a dictionary when we translated such an easy text.
19. We wish you had informed us about the latest discoveries in nuclear physics.
20. Your experiment will not give good results until you change the speed of the reaction.
21. This is the very man I want.
22. Neither of the restaurants we went to was expensive.
23. The more one learns the more one knows.
24. It is they who can ensure the quantity of the product if they train the supervisors.
25. They can ensure the quantity of the product if they train the supervisors.
26. It is because the fixed exchange rate puts the official reserves at risk that most governments favour some more flexible system.
27. Not until Dalton made his famous discovery scientists rea­lised the importance of this law.

Упражнение 50

1. Who suggested purifying the solution by a new method?
2. We shall consider a very simple example in order to explain this phenomenon.
3. Neither of these possibilities is very realistic.
4. Neither of your proposals is of interest to us.
5. Many phenomena happen not to be understood at present.
6. We knew nothing about his being sent to New York.
7. Plasma etching is expected to play an important role in manufacture of semiconductor and other devices.
8. The structure of an integrated circuit is sure to be complex both in the topology of its surface and in its internal composition.
9. The structure is made up of many layers, each of which is a detailed pattern.
10. The layout is known to specify the pattern of each layer of the IC.
11. The goal of the layout is to achieve the desired function of each circuit in the smallest possible space.
12. New developments in materials are believed to be due to new manufacturing forms and vice versa.
13. The attempts to miniaturize electronic components are largely successful.
14. Testing is needed in the course of production.
15. There is a continuous demand for improved metallurgical contacts in semiconductor devices.
16. The junction becomes vulnerable to diffusion between the metal layers and silicon.
17. The tremendous interest in small device structures is presently active due to the increasing requirements for obtaining very small circuit elements.
18. We expect John to be elected.
19. Do you want him to leave now?
20. The quantity of the production shipped was the in accordance with the terms of the contract.
21. Did the buyers agree to pay the amount of the invoice against the documents presented?
22. Why did the sellers refuse to reduce the prices quoted?
23. Where was the device bought made?
24. Saying that he left the room.
25. When required, the data will be applied in our practical work.
26. Who will be the last to leave the classroom?
27. They have accepted the scientist's suggestion, haven’t they?
28. My brother said that these photographs were not very good.
29. I'm afraid I'm rather late.
30. I've known her since we were at the conference.
31. He had been carrying out the experiment for twenty five minutes before his scientific supervisor came into the laboratory.
32. Their task will be that they must prepare the necessary ingredients thoroughly.
33. When we shall start a new series of experiments is not yet settled.
34. Chemists must create the materials which don't exist in nature.
35. The laboratory is the place where experiments as well as scientific research may be carried out.
36. The liquid takes up the shape of a vessel in which it is contained.
37. Since the die sizes are smaller, the loss due to a die containing a material defect is smaller.
38. If they had completed the research, the results would have been discussed at the conference.
39. If we put water into a tube, it would take the shape of the tube, wouldn’t it?
40. It is desirable that the engine should combine high efficiency and lightness.
41. It is energy that is defined as ability to do work.

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТАБЛИЦЫ-СПРАВОЧНИКИ.

В английском языке слова произносятся в строгой последовательности. Особенно это касается главных членов предложения. Ниже даны пояснения и схемы типов английский предложений.

Подлежащее. Может быть выражено практически любой частью речи, словосочетанием, вопросительным словом или словосчетанием, целым предложением (придаточным предложением подлежащим). Необходимо учесть, что наречие, союз, глагол в личной форме, междометие и причастие могут быть произнесены в качестве подлежащего только в значении «слово» (слово «are», слово «must» и так далее):

«Are» is a verb.

Сказуемое. Может быть выражено любой частью речи, словосочетанием и целым предложением (придаточным сказуемым). Необходимо учесть, что наречие, союз, междометие могут быть употреблены в качестве сказуемого только в значении «слово» (слово «are», слово «must» и так далее):

Дата добавления: 2014-11-06