Условные предложения

• Условные предложения могут быть следующими:

1. предложения реального условия;

2. предложения нереального условия. Употребление глагольных форм в этих предложениях зависит от степени реальности и времени действия, выраженного глаголом.

Предложения реального условия: (Изъявительное

наклонение).

а) условие относится к будущему:

If the weather tefine he will go to the country. Если погода будет хорошей, он поедет за город.

If I learn his address I shall write to him. — Если я узнаю его адрес, я ему напишу.

б) условие относится к прошлому:

If the weather was fine he went to the country. Если погода была хорошей, он ездил за город.

Предложения нереального условия: (Сослагатель­ное наклонение)

Сослагательное наклонение выражает возмож­ность, нереальность, предположительность действия.

Предложения нереального условия:

а) действие относится к настоящему или будущему:

If I knew his address I would write to him. — Если бы я знал его адрес (сейчас), я написал бы ему (сейчас или в ближайшем будущем).

If the weather were fine he would go to the country.

Если бы погода (сейчас) была хорошей, он бы по­ехал за город.

Глагол в придаточном предложении — в форме Past Indefinite, в главном — в форме Future in the Past.

б) действие относится к прошлому:

If the weather had been fine yesterday he would have gone to the country.

Если бы погода была вчера хорошей, он бы поехал за город.

В случае, если действие, описываемое сослагатель­ным наклонением, относится к прошедшему времени, в главном предложении используется форма будуще­го совершенного с точки зрения прошедшего Future Perfect in the Past, а в придаточном — прошедшее со­вершенное Past Perfect.

If I had known his address I would have written to him. — Если бы я знал его адрес (в прошлом), я напи­сал бы ему (в прошлом же).

J wish I lived not far from here, (настоящее вре­мя).— Жаль, что я не живу поблизости.

/ wish I had lived not far from here (прошедшее вре­мя). — Жаль, что я не жил поблизости.

Задание 15.1. Переведите на русский язык следу­ющие предложения:

1. If I came later I would be late for the lesson. 2. If he had known the time-table he wouldn't have missed the train. 3. It would be better if you learned the oral topics. 3. I wish I had known this before the examination. 4. I

would have come to you if you had not lived so far away. 5. If I had seen you yesterday I would have given you my text-book. 6, If I were in your place I wouldn't buy the tickets beforehand. 7. If I had known that you needed help I would have helped you.

Задание 15.2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

Computer is a device for processing information. Com­puter has no intelligence by itself and is called hardware. A computer system is a combination of four elements:

· Hardware

· Software

· Procedures

· Data/information.

Software are the programmes that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions^ " the hardware doesn't know what to do.

The basic job of the computer is the processing¹ of in­formation. Computers take information in the form of instructions called programs and symbols called data. After that they perform various" mathematical and log­ical operations, and then give the results (information). Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digit­al form.

Working vocabulary:

device — устройство intelligence — разум hardware — оборудование software — программы

processing — обработка

procedures — процедуры, операции

perform — выполнять

manner — манера, способ

various — различные

purpose — цель

to convert — превращать

data — данные

to store — хранить

digital — цифровой

General understanding (Общее понимание текста):

1) What does the term «computer» describe?

2) Is computer intelligent?

3) What are four components of computer system?

4) What is software?

5) What's the difference between the hardware and software?

6) In what way terms «data» and «information» differ?

7) How does computer convert data into information?

Задание 15.3. Какие из приведенных ниже терми­нов имеют аналоги в русском языке?

computer, diskette, metal, processor, scanner, infor­mation, data, microphone, printer, modem, Internet.

Задание 15.4. Какие из приведенных ниже утверждений верны/неверны? Аргументируйте свой ответ, опираясь на текст.

1) Computer is made of electronic components so it is referred to as electronic device.

2) Computer has.no intelligence until software is loaded.

3) There are four elements of computer system: hardware, software, diskettes and data.

4) Without software instructions hardware doesn't know what to do.

5) The software is the most important component because it is made by people.

6) The user inputs data into computer to get information as an output.

Задание 15.5. Заполните пропуски:

1) Information in the form of instruction is called a...

2) The basic job of the computer is the...

a) program

b) processing of information

Задание 15.6. Переведите текст. Перескажите текст, используя рабочий словарь.

WHAT IS HARDWARE?

Webster's dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware — the devices composing a computer system.

Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:

1) input hardware

2) processing hardware

3) storage hardware

4) output hardware.

Input hardware

Input hardware collects data and converts them into a form_suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand-held device connected to the computer by a small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the desktop, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to give a command to the computer.

Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic scanner. Microphone and video camera can be also used to input data into the computer.

Processing hardware

Processing hardware directs the execution of soft­ware instructions in the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory.

The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing.

Memory is the component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM (random access memory) is the memory, used for creating, loading and running programs

ROM (read only memory) is computer memory used to hold programmed instructions to the system.

The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.

Storage hardware

The purpose of storage hardware is to store compu­ter instructions and data and retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware stores data as electromag­netic signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disk and CD-ROM.

Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic mate­rial, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.

Floppy disk (diskette) — a thin, usually flexible plas­tic disk coated-with magnetic material, for storing tem­porary computer data and programs. There are two for­mats for floppy disks: 5.25' and 3.5'.

3.5' disks are formatted 1.4 megabytes and are wide­ly used.

CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a com­pact disc on which a large amount of digitized data can be stored. CD-ROMs are very popular now because of the growing speed which CD-ROM drives can provide nowa­days. ^

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