The body structure of the new cars

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BASIC PARTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE

The automobile consists of units and the mechanisms forming three basic parts: the chassis, a body and the engine

The chassis of the automobile consists of transmission and a running part and mechanisms of management.

Transmission of the automobile consists of units and the units transmitting twisting moment from the engine to driving wheels and varying twisting moment, frequency of revolutions on size and a direction.

The basic units of transmission of the automobile are: coupling, a box of transfers, cranked transfer, the main transfer, and differential and power shafts -floor axis.

Coupling of the automobile is the mechanism transmitting twisting moment of the engine and allowing quickly disconnecting the engine from transmission and again them smoothly to connect.

The box of transfers of the automobile will transform twisting moment on size and a direction and enables to move forward and back and to separate the engine from transmission on long time.

Cranked transfer of the automobile enables to transfer twisting moment from a box of transfers to conducting bridges under varied corners.

The main transfer will transform twisting moment on size and transfers it from cranked a shaft through differential on floor axis under a constant corner.

The differential of the automobile enables to rotate to driving wheels with various speeds.

The running part is a basis of the automobile, the frame, forward and back axes, springs, shock-absorbers, wheels and trunks concern to it.

Mechanisms of management enable to operate the automobile -steering management change directions of movement, and brakes slowly down speed of movement stop the automobile.

chassis - шасси	twisting moment - крутящий момент
engine - двигатель	frequency of revolutions - Частота оборотов
body - корпус	transmission - трансмиссия
coupling- сцепление	box of transfers – коробка передач
cranked transfers - карданная передача	power shafts приводные валы
differential - дифференциал	main transfers - главная передача
conducting to bridges - ведущий мост	spring - рессора
floor axis - полуоси	the shock-absorber - амортизатор
frame - рама	wheels - колёса
trunks - шины

Passenger cars, trucks, motor coaches (buses) and special vehicles have different bodies. For trucks, open or plank bed bodies are used. The bodies are either firmly attached to the chassis or used as dump trucks (tip-up Lorries).

Passenger cars have either closed or soft convertible top. The Soviet Chaika car with touring body is a luxury six-seat car having a soft convertible top.

Folding and rising of the roof cloth are performed by a hydraulic gear actuated from the driver’s seat. A modern car must have a streamline look, creating the effect of a low and spacious limousine and, at the same time, be compact. The flat roof and large glassed area of the cabin give the effect of light, weight and grace. The passenger compartment must offer comfort. Specious seats are to be easily converted into berths. The upholstery should be practical and attractive, the dashboard – elegant, the steering wheel small. The saloon must have a heater, a radio set and other conveniences.

New Volga is a medium sedan, which has a four-door body and dismountable front and rear fenders.

Aware of the modern trend, auto designers have a professional joke that a car’s inside dimensions must, ideally, be larger than those outside. The overall length and height of the Volga were cut by 75mm and 130mm, respectively, while the inside dimensions were somewhat enlarged by setting off the rear axle 100mm back to give more distance between the dash-board and the front seat and the front and rear seats.

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