Translate and memorize the following words. Unit III lubricant materials

UNIT III LUBRICANT MATERIALS

Read the text and add your answers with some facts if necessary. Title the text.

Everybody knows our country to have pioneered lasers. Now we manufacture laser devices of several dozen types both for domestic needs and for export. By the end of the last century it became possible to have developed communication lines which can carry simultaneous conversation by thousands of millions of people by using a laser beam.

Nobel Prize winners N. Basov and A. Prokhorov are well known all over the world. The creation of optical quantum generators known as lasers and other apparatus have become possible due to their work.

The specialists successfully use lasers in medicine. Everybody knows even the very thin beam of light emitted by a laser to be capable to replace the surgical scal­pel in a number of operations. The scientists found out the laser beam to cut through body without causing it to bleed. Furthermore, the light beam knife is absolutely sterile and precludes the possibility of introducing any kind of infection.

The first ruby laser beam flashed on in a laboratory at the Physics Institute many years ago. In the short time since it appeared the laser beam has become a wide-ranging indispensable scientific and industrial tool. We know lasers to be able to monitor continental drift, measure air pollution and detect deep-lying mineral deposits, follow the movement of artificial satellites, study the structure of matter.

It would be interesting to note that the research project by Russian scientists is connected with using the laser to amplify weak light for the projection microscope. A series of laser radars, developed by Siberian engineers and scientists also contribute to environmental pro­tection. They are used to monitor air cleanliness, to detect sources of contamination and to analyze smells.

We are sure lasers to enter the homes during the lifetime the present generations.

Grammar: The Gerund and Its Functions in the Sentence

Texts: IndustrialLubricants

The Importance of Greases

stamp	lubricant	grease
gain	excess	die
facilitate	wet	workpiece
maintain	deterioration	ingot
cast out	compatibility	emulsion
dissipate	dewatering	friction
prevent	temporary	induce
damp	simultaneous	slippage

2. Analyze the words formed by conversion and translate the sentences given below:

gain - to gain; stamp – to stamp; damp – to damp; wet – to wet; cast – to cast; excess – to excess; wear – to wear; result – to result.

1. The gain took place thanks to the machinery improvement carried out last year. 2. Stamping as an industrial process gains from year to year. 3. There is a great number of metallic and plastic parts stamped industrially nowadays. 4. Some metal parts cast by this producer were replaced with stamped plastic ones. 5. Lubricants prevent excess friction. 6. The excess of heat produced by friction could be considerably induced by some sorts of lubricants. 7. Researchers developed synthetic lubricant material reducing roller wear. 8. The addition of vanadium resulted to the prolonged wear of thisalloy. The result was excellent. 9. The coatings made of fabric get wet very quickly. 10. Some lubricants are used to wet metallic surfaces during the processing.

3. Find the pairs of antonyms:

long-wearing, wet, decrease, facilitate, impede, dry, induce, slippage, hinder, durable.

Study and remember the following charts, mind the function of the Gerund:

1. Before leavingthe lab he switched off all the devices

2. After having finished their tests they could write the report.

3. His investigation resulted in discovering this new phenomena.

4. The results of their probing were the most reliable.

5.After school we began attending these courses.

4. Remember the following verbs after which the Gerund is generally used:

to account for – объяснять, отвечать to depend on – зависеть от	to be responsible for – быть ответственным за ч.-л.
to give up – отказываться	to result from – проистекать
to go on – продолжать	to result in – приводить
to prevent from – предотвращать,	to finish, to stop – прекращать
не допускать	to start, to begin - начинать

5. Change the following sentences as in the models:

Model I: 1. He will wash glassware before he leaves.

2. He will wash glassware before leaving.

1. We shall discuss this plan before we begin our work. 2. Before I translate the article I shall read it thoroughly.

Model II: After school he began to attend high courses. After school he began attending high courses.

1. As he was tired he stopped to read the report and left for home. 2. They started to make experiments in the second year. 3. They finished to look through the papers as soon as they had found the article concerned. 4. As I am very busy I can't continue to attend these lectures.

Model III: When he came into the laboratory he came up to me. (on)

On coming into the laboratory he came up to me.

1. You can get better results if you repeat the analysis. (by) 2. He will be able to translate the article after he repeats all the words. (after) 3. When he leaves the office he usually locks the door. (on) 4. Excuse me that I came so late. (for)

6. Translate the sentences into Russian, mind the Gerunds:

1. Upon being heated, the molecules begin moving very quickly. 2. If two glass rods are charged by rubbing them with silk, it is possible to watch anvery interesting phenomenon. 3. Without being treated this substance cannot be used. 4. At last our research-workers succeeded in getting good results. 5. The teacher insists on carrying out this experiment in our laboratory. 6. Upon carrying out a number of experiments our students solved many interesting problems. 7. By using this law we define a unit charge of electricity. 8. Heating the wire from 0° to 100° in­creases its resistance approximately by 40%. 9. This experiment shows the increase of reaction velocity with increasing temperature.

7. Translate these word-combinations:

to be a market leader, molten metal, to be rolled down to the desired thickness, considerable expense, semi-finished and finished products, corrosion preventives, a pre­dominant role, corrosion-prevention oils.

Warming-up:

1. What branch of chemistry deals with lubricants?

2. Yow often do we use lubricant materials?

3. Is there anything at home to be lubricated from time to time?

4. What branch of industry can function without lubricants?

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