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Worth doing smth. 1 страница




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Грамматика: спряжение глагола to be

Видо-временные формы глагола в группе Indefinite и Continuous

Cловообразование

Текст English As A World Language

 

Раздел 1.1.

 

Прочитайте предложения с глаголом to be в видо-временной форме Present Indefinite, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

She is his good friend. Is she his good friend? No, she isn’t his good friend.

 

We are ready to start. 2. You are good at maths. 3. He is very intelligent. 4. She is angry with me. 5. They are in Europe now. 6. We are hungry. 7. She is very tired. 8. He is very busy now. 9. They are thirsty after a long walk. 10. He is always polite.

 

Прочитайте предложения c глаголом to be в видо-временной форме Past Indefinite, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

She was his good friend. Was she his good friend? No, she wasn’t his good friend.

 

I was at work yesterday. 2. He was in France last spring. 3. She was in the office an hour ago. 4. We were late for the performance yesterday. 5. Granny was in the country last summer. 6. They were at home last Sunday. 7. Dad was angry with me yesterday. 8. He was very polite with me last time. 9. He was busy half an hour ago. 10. It was very windy the day before yesterday.

 

1.1.3. Прочитайте предложения c глаголом to be в видо-временной форме Future Indefinite, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

She will be his friend. Will she be his friend? No, she won’t be his friend.

 

She will be ready in five minutes. 2. They will be at home in half an hour. 3. We will be late for the next lesson. 4. You will be an accountant in a year. 5. They will be tired after a long walk. 6. I will be back soon. 7. It will be warm tomorrow. 8. The weather will be nice next week. 9. She will be our new teacher next term. 10. We will be out of town tomorrow.

 

1.1.4. Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Present Indefinite, Задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

She likes ice cream. Does she like ice cream? No, she doesn’t like ice cream.

 

He usually comes in time. 2. You always work hard. 3. Don seldom gets up early. 4. I often go to the university by car. 5. He always comes to the office in time. 6. She usually feels well. 7. They know a lot about art. 8. You always work hard. 9. He speaks English well. 10. He does with people well.

 

Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Past Indefinite, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

They traveled much last year. Did they travel much last year? No, they didn’t travel much last year.

 

1. They went to London by plane yesterday 2. My friend traveled a lot last year. 3. He worked hard yesterday. 4. They bought a new car last week. 5. The train arrived an hour ago. 6. We changed trains in Berlin yesterday evening. 7. His family sold the house a year ago. 8. She felt well yesterday. 9. Dan arrived late for the class last Monday. 10. She saw this film on TV a week ago.

 

1.1.6. Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Future Indefinite, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

 

You will ski tomorrow. Will you ski tomorrow? No, you won’t ski tomorrow.

 

1. I will phone you tomorrow. 2. He will meet us at the station next Friday. 3. She will learn a great deal next term. 4. We will pass the exam soon. 5. I will come back in two days. 6. She will get married next month. 7. My friends will leave for Italy in a week. 8. My brother will help me with this work next Tuesday. 9. He will pay the bill tomorrow. 10. We will sign the contract next week.

 

1.1.7. Переведите данные предложения на английский язык.

 

1. Он обычно встречает её после работы. 2. Мы обычно приходим на занятия вовремя. 3. Она вчера приготовила вкусный салат. 4. Они встретят нас на станции через час. 5. Она уедет в Италию через неделю. 6. Они обычно платят наличными. 7. Он принял душ утром. 8. Они подписали контракт на прошлой неделе. 9. Они оплатили счета вчера. 10. Почему он ушёл с вечеринки так рано вчера?

 

1.1.8. Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Present Continious, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

You are watching TV now. Are you watching TV now? No, I am not watching TV now.

 

1. He is working in the lab now. 2. She is listening to you with interest at the moment. 3. It is raining in the South now. 4. We are working at this problem right now. 5. They are doing shopping at the moment. 6. The children are playing computer games at present. 7. Ann is cooking dinner in the kitchen now. 8. Don is having a shower just now. 9. They are going to Spain tomorrow. 10. He is meeting them next Friday.

 

1.1.9..Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Past Continious, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

He was watching TV at this time yesterday. Was he watching TV at this time yesterday? No, he wasn’t watching TV at this time yesterday.  

 

He was watching TV at 7 o’clock yesterday. 2. She was reading for the exam from 3 to 10 p.m. yesterday. 3. It was raining all evening yesterday. 4. We were waiting at the station at that moment yesterday. 5. You were studying all night before your last exam. 6. They were traveling in Europe at this time last year. 7. I was reading from 5 till 7 o’clock yesterday evening. 8. My friends were waiting for me at the metro station when I saw them. 9. Father was reading a paper when I came. 10. She was cooking when her husband came.

 

1.1.10..Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Future Continious, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

 

Образец:

They will be watching TV at 7 o’clock tomorrow. Will they be watching TV at 7 o’clock tomorrow? No, they won’t be watching TV at 7 o’clock tomorrow.

 

At 3 o’clock tomorrow I will be going to Berlin. 2. At 7 o’clock this evening he will be having party. 3. At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning she will be working in her office. 4. We will be enjoying ourselves at this time tomorrow. 5. You will be swimming in the sea at this time next week. 6. They will be studying all day tomorrow. 7. Ann will be reading for the exam all night tomorrow. 8. His parents will be flying to Spain at that time next Sunday. 9. He will be resting all through the weekend. 10. Her friends will be dancing all evening tomorrow.

 

1.1.11. Переведите данные предложения на английский язык.

 

1. Не беспокой меня! Я сейчас работаю. 2. Они стояли около метро, когда я их увидел. 3. Я буду готовиться к экзамену весь день завтра. 4. Они обедали, когда я пришла. 5. Она делала покупки, когда я её встретила. 6. Он принимает душ сейчас. 7. Она будет обедать в это время. 8. Он сейчас разговаривает по телефону. 9. Мы работали в лаборатории с 3 до 6 вчера. 10. Я буду отдыхать все выходные.

 

1.1.12. Вставьте недостающие части речи.

 

Существительное Глагол Прилагательное Наречие
note note notable notably
  use    
peace xxx    
    weak  
success      

 

Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

 

importance n native a native speaker science n scientific a trade n relation n numerous а exceed v widely adv respect n in this respect acquire v frontier n development n manufacture n aid n mutual aid automation n considerable a a considerable degree literacy n major a frequent a establishment n mother tongue above above all assist v assist in settlement n   значение, важность, значительность родной носитель языка наука научный торговля отношение, связь, зависимость многочисленный превышать, превосходить широко, значительно уважение, внимание, отношение в этом отношении приобретать, получать, достигать граница, предел, новые возможности развитие, рост, разработка производство, изготовление помощь, содействие, поддержка взаимопомощь автоматизация значительный, большой, важный значительная степень грамотность больший, важный, значительный обычный, постоянный установление, создание, учреждение родной язык вышеупомянутый кроме всего прочего помогать, содействовать принимать участие заселение, поселение

 

Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык.

 

In the course of, secondary importance, native speakers, in a number of speakers, nowadays, politics, science, trade, cultural relations, the official language, numerous countries, even more widely, a foreign language, in this respect, to acquire, an international status, listening to broadcasts, commerce, scientific literature, technological and economic development, international aid, automation, considerable degree, diplomacy, frequently, outside, mother tongue, exporting, above all, to assist, present standing.

 

Прочитайте текст и назовите, в каких странах английский язык является: а) единственным официальным языком, б) одним из официальных языков; в) в чем причина, по мнению автора статьи, становления английского в качестве мирового языка.

 

ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE

 

It is only in the course of the last few years that English has become a world language. In Shakespeare’s time it was a “provincial” language of secondary importance with only six million native speakers. Nowadays English has become the world’s most important language in politics, science, trade and cultural relations. In a number of speakers (400 million) it is second only to Chinese. It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the United States of America, of Australia and New Zealand. English is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic. It is also spoken as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan, numerous countries in Africa.

Even more widely English is studied and used as a foreign language. In this respect it acquired an international status. It is used for communication, listening to broadcasts, reading books and newspapers, in commerce and travel. Half of the world’s scientific literature is in English. English is associated with technological and economic development and it is the principal language of international aid. It is the language of automation and computer technology. It is not only the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sport, it is to a considerable degree the universal language of literacy and public communication. It is the major language of diplomacy, and is the most frequently used language both in the debates in the United Nations and in the general conduct of the UN business.

English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mother tongue outside England. This exporting of English began in the seventeenth century with the first settlements in North America. Above all it is the greatest growth of population in the United States assisted by massive immigration in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that has given the English language its present standing in the world.

 

Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста, подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста:

 

1. English has become the world’s language in the course of the last decade.

2. Five million people spoke English as native language in Shakespeare’s time.

3. In a number of speakers it is the first language in the world.

It is one of the official languages in Canada.

English has got an international status because it is widely used as a foreign language.

Many people in different countries of Africa speak English as a second language.

One third of the world’s scientific literature is in English.

English is the major language of international aid.

French is the principal language for the debates in the United Nations.

English has become a world language only because it is widely studied as a foreign language.

It is used only as a foreign language outside Great Britain.

The exporting of English began in the sixteenth century.

 

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

 

When did English become a world language?

How many native speakers of English were there in Shakespeare’s time?

In what spheres is it the world’s most important language?

How many native speakers of English are there in the world now?

Where is it the only one official language?

Where is it used as one of the official languages?

Where is it spoken as a second language?

In what way is it used more widely?

What status did English acquire?

Where is it used nowadays?

How often is it used in scientific literature?

What is it associated with?

What is it the universal language of?

What is it the major language of?

How is it used in the United Nations?

Why has it become a world language?

When did the exporting of English begin?

What else has given English its present standing in the world?

 

Прочитайте текст. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

Компьютерные технологии, иностраннй язык, культурные связи, экономическое развитие, официальный (государственный) язык, приобретать, торговля, второстепенная значимость, в этом отношении, многочисленные страны, связь, международный статус, современное положение, научная литература, наука, международная помощь, слушать радиопередачи, даже более широко, помогать, значительная степень, кроме всего прочего, автоматизация, экспорт, часто, авиация, родной язык, снаружи (вне), в настоящее время, в течение, политика, по числу говорящих.

 

Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания:

 

Это было очень важно для меня.

Они развивают культурные связи (отношения) между двумя странами.

Мы не изучали иностранный язык в прошлом году.

А вы изучали иностранный язык в прошлом году?

Он пользуется английским как вторым языком.

Он слушал радио, когда пришла сестра.

Что ты сейчас слушаешь?

Ты вчера слушал музыку?

Она читает научную литературу на английском.

10. Лектор говорил о быстром экономическом развитии Китая.

11. Когда ты получишь степень бакалавра?

12. Рост населения был очень высоким много лет назад.

13. Они экспортируют компьютеры во многие страны.

14.Что вы экспортируете в Италию?

 

Прочитайте текст и найдите предложения, сказуемое которых выражено видо-временной формой Present Perfect Tense.

 

Сократите текст, опустив несущественные детали.

 

Составьте план и передайте содержание текста по ключевым словам:

 

In the course of, native speakers, in a number of speakers, official language, a second language, more widely, is used, scientific literature, technological and economic development, diplomacy, establishment, mother tongue, the growth of population.

 

Расскажите, как и где изучают английский язык в нашей стране.

 

Раздел 1.2.

 

Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:

matter n business matter small matter easy matter broaden v mind n absence of mind essential а attitude n stock market incredibly adv arrogant a force v throat n hermit n share v we share everything share the room with smb. share in a firm bit n a little bit wait a bit every bit of although cj concern v as concerns immediately adv trick n appropriate a brain n skill n establish v accept v picky a own n on one’s own opportunity n дело, вопрос, сущность, предмет деловой вопрос пустяки простое дело расширять, расширяться ум, рассудок, память забывчивость, рассеянность непременный, обязательный, существенный позиция, отношение, положение фондовая биржа неправдоподобно, невероятно высокомерный, надменный, наглый заставлять, принуждать горло, гортань, горловина отшельник, пустынник, странник делить, разделять, пользоваться совместно у нас все общее жить совместно в одной комнате быть акционером фирмы кусочек, частица немного, чуть-чуть подожди немного все хотя, несмотря на то, что касаться, затрагивать, беспокоить что касается немедленно, тотчас хитрость, шалость, трюк, глупость подходящий, уместный, присущий мозг, рассудок, разум мастерство, опыт, умение основывать, создавать, устраивать принимать, соглашаться, верить разборчивый, капризный, придирчивый собственность, принадлежность самостоятельно, независимо удобный случай, возможность, перспектива

 

Прочитайте текст и определите, какую специальность автор этого сообщения хочет приобрести и почему для него так важно знать иностранные языки.

 

LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE

 

I think it’s really important to learn any language no matter how few people speak it. It broadens your mind, you learn about other cultures and about other ways of thinking. A lot of people, I know, in England, when I said I was learning Hungarian, would say, “What’s the point? Nobody speaks it outside Hungary”. I remember telling my mum I wanted to learn Swedish and she said, ‘Nobody speaks it outside Sweden”, but what if I wanted to go and live there? It would be essential that I learn it. You can’t expect people to speak English.

People have the attitude in England that, you know, the whole world speaks English. They stop the American guy who works here in the stock market and he said, “Oh, in five years time everyone in Budapest will speak English. Budapest will be an English-speaking town’. I think that’s incredibly arrogant. Of course, if people want to learn it as a second language that’s their right, but you can’t force them. You can’t force a language down somebody’s throat, you have to want to learn it.

I saw a film recently, called “Nell”, about a hermit. Jody Foster played the hermit. She only shared her language with her mother, but then her mother died and she was left with no-one in the world who could understand her. There was quite a good line when someone said, “How are we going to communicate with her?” and someone else replied “Well, someone’s going to have to learn her language”, not “She’ll have to learn English”. I quite liked that bit.

I think language learning is very important for literature, as there’s some literature that we cannot translate. Some works by Pushkin, for example, Eugene Onegin, they say are impossible to translate because Russian has very different endings, which can make very complex poetry which just doesn’t work in English.

When you’ve learnt how to learn a language, when you’ve learnt one language, I think you can easily learn more languages, although I don’t know how many languages I could keep in my head at the same time. I am not totally fluent any more, I think, in Russian, not having used it for a couple of years, because I am now concerning on Hungarian, but if I go to Russia I remember it immediately – well it comes back after two or three days. If I meet a Russian man, it’s much more difficult. The Hungarian words come into my head.

Once you’ve learnt how to learn a language, I think you can learn others. You know the tricks, you know how to use the appropriate part of your brain. I know people who have parents from two different countries, half Russian, half Hungarian, or half English, half French and they’ve brought up bilingually. They can learn other languages, because they have that kind of skill already quite well-developed inside them.

I always try and get a phrase book if I go anywhere, because I think it really opens doors, it really helps to establish contact, if you know a few words like ‘thank you’, ‘please’, and ‘good-bye’. It shows that you‘re interested and that you care about the country.

English people are so used to foreigners speaking English that they accept all accents, and understand even when foreigners speak English very poorly, but I think Hungarians are quite picky. I always find that there are a lot of people who try to correct every single word, which can make communication very difficult.

I’ve studied five foreign languages now, French, Russian, Spanish,, Czech and now Hungarian. Sometimes I have studied on my own, sometimes in a class. I think it’s definitely easier in a class. I tried to learn Hungarian on my own, but you really have to live in a place if you are going to have any idea about the language. For example, when I went to Spain, I could hardly understand anything at first, as people spoke ten times faster than anyone ever spoke at school.

I think it’s really interesting to meet people from other cultures and to communicate with them in their own language. I think of my best friends, only a few are native English speakers. I have good friends in Russia, France, Holland, Iceland, Czech, Slovakia and Slovenia, all over, and it really gives me the opportunity to travel and broaden my mind. I think I will probably learn another language at some point. I think it may be Swedish, but only because I’ve heard that it’s really easy, or may be Italian, I suppose.

 

Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

 

Is it possible to learn a foreign language if you don’t want but you are forced to?

What opportunities does the knowledge of a foreign language give to anybody?

How is it easier to study a foreign language?

Will it be easier to learn the second foreign language after you’ve learnt the first one?

Is it difficult to study a foreign language?

Are there different compartments in brain where you store foreign languages?

Is it more difficult to learn similar or quite different languages?

Does the ability to speak a foreign language depend on your self-confidence?

Is it useful to learn a foreign language if it is spoken only in one small country?

What is the best way to study a foreign language?

Is it easy to speak a foreign language if you haven’t practiced it for a long time?

How is it better to establish contact in a foreign country?

 

В каждом абзаце найдите предложение, выражающее его основную мысль. Озаглавьте каждый абзац.

 

Составьте план текста на русском языке.

 

Переведите составленный план на английский язык.

 

Напишите краткое изложение текста на английском языке.

 

Раздел 1.3.

 

1.3.1. Прочитайте текст и определите его основную идею.

 

Notes:

manage a lot better – справиться с этим гораздо лучше

to be up-to-date with progress – идти в ногу с прогрессом

as well as - также как

 

There are very many good reasons to learn other languages. Very little clear, detailed communication can occur between people who don’t have a common language. Learning the languages of others helps in talking to people, reading and writing things, and in understanding the TV and films from other countries, and opens up much a wider range of sources of information.

When traveling and when you want to see the world you can manage a lot better if you understand the signs around you, and if when you meet people and want to ask questions, if you can speak to them in their own language, they’re often a lot more friendly and helpful than if your first question is: “Do you speak English?” If you are working in the field where interesting things are happening abroad, like science, business or medicine, and you want to be up-to-date with progress in that field, you can’t always wait for the latest reports to be translated into your own language, as this often doesn’t happen for some time, especially if you speak a language like Hungarian, where there are only a limited number of translators, who are often expensive, and so only selected information is translated.

I think it’s very valuable and helpful in learning languages if you start from an early age. Many people can learn the best up to about the age of 20, as they have a lot of time for it which later, with family and work, often isn’t possible. Somebody thinks that learning a language after the age of twenty or so needs a lot of enthusiasm, and more time, as the learning process is generally a little slower for older people than for people with young impressionable minds. After twenty, it’s very difficult to learn more languages if you’ve not already learnt one before, as it’s a special way of learning. It’s not like learning maths or science – instead it involves a different way of thinking. You have to learn to think in another language. This is like music, maybe. You have to learn how to learn another language as well as learning the grammar and vocabulary involved, so if you’ve learnt one extra language already, it’s easier to learn more. I think that for many multilingual people, the second language is a lot easier than the first.

I think that the learning process really starts to work when you feel that it’s important and that you have a reason to learn it – if you can find the language useful, not just part of school curriculum. For example, if you learn English and you are confronted with it on the radio, on TV, and if you listen to music with English words.

 

1.3.2. Письменно переведите текст со словарём.

 

1.3.3. Выберите заголовок, наиболее соответствующий содержанию текста:

 

Learning Foreign Language

The Best Way To Learn A Foreign Language

Make Your Learning Easy

Don’t Start Learning If You Are Over 20

 

1.3.4. Ролевая игра. В вашу студенческую группу пришёл новый студент. На уроке английского языка вы выясняете, что он/она свободно говорит на трёх иностранных языках. Выясните, как ему/ей удалось научиться хорошо говорить на трёх иностранных языках.

 

 


 

Грамматика: видо-временные формы глагола в группе Perfect и Perfect Continuous

Cловообразование

Текст Life At College And University

 

Раздел 2.1.

 

Поставьте глагол, данный в скобках, в видо-временную форму Present Perfect:

Образец:

They just (to go out). They have just gone out.

 

1. I just (to speak) to him. 2. She never (to be) in Paris. 3. I (to be) very busy lately. 4. They (not to come) yet. 5. Sue already (to buy) a new house. 6. Mike (to meet) her today. 7. We (to watch) interesting programs on TV this week. 8. I (to see) this film three times. 9. He (to live) in this house for many years. 10.She (to be married) for three years.

 

Прочитайте предложения в видо-временной форме Present Perfect, задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

Образец:

 

The lesson has already begun. Has the lesson begun yet? No, the lesson hasn’t begun yet.

 

They have already bought a new house. 2. My parents have already returned from Spain. 3. He has already heard this news. 4. She has already read this story. 5. They have already paid all the bills. 6. They have just arrived from London. 7. We have had three lectures today. 8. You have studied some economic laws this month. 9. I have read this novel twice. 10. He has called you three times.




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