Types of jobs, choosing a career. On teaching

Exercise 52. Look up the words’ translation in the dictionary and learn the words.

abilities (talent) accomplishments career goals experience(s) values skills activity(ies) reference application apprentice, trainee attitude CV (curriculum vitae)/resume appointment   job interview post position fill a position occupation (trade)	employ employer employee commuter be in charge of be responsible for full-time employment part-time employment flextime qualify (for) promote hire fire sb/sack sb (BE)   quit the job resign retire
counsel advertisement vacancy qualification agency job hunting make an appointment cancel an appointment apply to/for	salary wages bonus fringe benefits leave business trip be on sick leave work in shifts (day/night) work overtime staff personnel
director head chief executive director supervisor manager human resources manager assistant colleague collaborator	experienced qualified skilled talented trained

Exercise 53. Choose the qualities these people should have. Feel free to add more qualities. Use some, much/a lot of, a little/a bit of.

Jobs:	scientist	gardener
	designer	receptionist
	teacher	doctor
	journalist	policeman
	hairdresser	shop assistant
	photographer	secretary
	musician	head-hunter (recruiter)

Qualities:

confidence; energy; training; creativity; flexibility; humour; charm; patience; determination; reliability; experience; commitment; firmness; sociability; courage; consideration

Exercise 54. What are some of the most popular jobs in your city or country now? What are some of the qualifications in those particular fields and what is the average salary for each. Use the Internet to help you search this topic.

Exercise 55. Read this quotation. Define the qualities of the teacher which are implied.

If a doctor, lawyer or dentist had 40 people in his office at one time, all of whom had different needs, and some of whom didn’t want to be there and were causing trouble, and the doctor, lawyer or dentist, without assistance, had to treat them all with professional excellence for nine month, then he might have some conception of a classroom teacher’s job.

Donald D. Quinn

Exercise 56. Read the passage given below. Is it always easy for the teachers to understand their student’s parents? How would you behave in such a situation if you were a teacher?

It’s a funny thing about mothers and fathers. Even when their own child is the most disgusting little blister you could ever imagine, they still think that he or she is wonderful.

Some parents go further. They become so blinded by adoration they manage to convince themselves their child has qualities of genius.

Well, there is nothing very wrong with all this. It’s the way of the world. It is only when the parents begin telling us about the brilliance of their own revolting offspring, that we start shouting, “Bring us a basin! We’re going to be sick!”

School teachers suffer a good deal from having to listen to this sort of twaddle from proud parents, but they usually get their own back when the time comes to write the end-of-term reports. If I were a teacher I would cook up some real scorchers for the children of doting parents. “Your son Maximilian”, I would write, “is a total wash-out. I hope you have a family business you can push him into when he leaves school because he sure as heck won’t get a job anywhere else.” Or if I were feeling lyrical that day, I might write, “It is a curious truth that grasshoppers have their hearing-organs in the sides of the abdomen. Your daughter Vanessa, judging by what she’s learnt this term, has no hearing organs at all.”

I might even delve deeper into natural history and say, “The periodical cicada spends six years as a grub underground, and no more than six days as a free creature of sunlight and air. Your son Wilfred has spent six years as a grub in this school and we are still waiting for him to emerge from the chrysalis.” A particularly poisonous little girl might sting me into saying, “Fiona has the same glacial beauty as an iceberg, but unlike the iceberg she has absolutely nothing below the surface.” I think I might enjoy writing end-of-term reports for the stinkers in my class. But enough of that. We have to get on.

(From “Matilda” by Roald Dahl)

Exercise 57. Read the list of ironical tips. Say what you might add to this list.

You might be a schoolteacher…

· if you have no time for a life from August to June.

· if you want to slap the next person who says, “Must be nice to work from 8 to 3 and have your summers free!”

· if out in public you feel the urge to talk to strange children and correct their behaviour.

· if you refer to adults as “boys and girls”

· if you encourage your spouse by telling her she is a “good helper”.

· if you’ve ever had your profession slammed by someone who would never dream of doing your job.

· if you meet a child’s parents you instantly have to answer a question, “Why is this kid like this?”

· if you know hundred good reasons for being late.

· if you don’t want children of your own because there isn’t a name you can hear that wouldn’t elevate your blood pressure.

Exercise 58. If you were a school teacher, how would you answer these questions?

1. If vegetarians eat vegetables, what do humanitarians eat?

2. If 7-11 is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, why are there locks on the doors?

3. If nothing ever sticks to TEFLON, how do they make TEFLON stick to the pan?

4. If price and worth mean the same thing, why priceless and worthless are opposites?

5. If you tied buttered toast to the back of a cat and dropped it from a height, what would happen?

6. If you’re in a vehicle going at the speed of light, what happens when you turn on the headlights?

7. If it’s zero degrees outside today and it’s supposed to be twice as cold tomorrow, how cold is it going to be?

8. If smoking is prohibited at gas stations, why do they sell cigarettes there?

9. If they are called apartments, why are they all stuck together?

10. If the black box used on planes is indestructible, why can’t they make the whole plane out of the same substance?

Exercise 59. Read the text below. Have you got a CV of your own? Make up your CV using additional information from the Supplement.

The Curriculum Vitae

A curriculum vitae is the personal and working history of an applicant. The CV is sent with the letter of application as an enclosure. In American English the CV is called a resume.

Some companies send application forms which contain more or less the same information as a curriculum vitae. In that case it is not necessary to send a separate CV.

A CV usually contains information about the following:

· personal data: name, address, date and place of birth, sex, nationality

· education: name of school, type of education, graduation

· work experience: name of company, position

· interests: anything that might help you get the job

· references: name and the position of people who recommend you (teacher, former employer, etc.)

You may also state references upon request.

Exercise 60. Read the tips and say what you might add to the list.

Tips to be successful in job pursuing:

1. Avoid long and emotional description of your past experiences in the cover letter, stay focused on job hunting.

2. At the interview don’t give monosyllable answers like “yes/no”.

3. Be impartial to your current or previous position, refrain from criticizing your employers and collaborators/colleagues.

4. Be dress-conscious.

Exercise 61. Translate into English using your Active Grammar and Topical Vocabulary.

1. Если бы не ты, я бы так и работала секретаршей в каком-нибудь офисе. 2. Я уже сказал подавшим заявление, что собеседование будет сегодня. Иначе они бы обратились в другое агентство. 3. Было бы крайне неразумно уволиться сейчас, до того, как конфликт уладится. 4. Если бы не отсутствие штатной единицы в нашей больнице, мы бы обязательно наняли еще одного хирурга. 5. Я послала свое резюме в несколько компьютерных фирм, иначе я бы не нашла работу так быстро. 6. Если бы не мои родители, я бы никогда не выбрала карьеру инженера. 7. Если бы не то, что было написано в описании работы в контракте, я бы никогда и не подумал соглашаться. 8. Он всегда был аккуратен с чеками на оплату. Иначе ему не на что было бы жить всю неделю. 9. Я бы не сказал, что работа здесь высоко оплачивается, но заработную плату платят регулярно. 10. Если бы не больничный, ты бы участвовала в нашем проекте. 11. Хорошо, что тебя перевели в Европу. Иначе ты бы не зарабатывал столько денег. 12. Он читал условия соглашения внимательно. Иначе он совершил бы ошибку. 13. В три года ты хотел стать пожарником, в семь – полицейским, в четырнадцать думал о военной карьере. – Мама, если бы не все это, я бы не стал таким хорошим адвокатом по несчастным случаям на работе.

Unit 2

Exercise 62. Study the difference between these synonyms.

to tremble to shake in a way that you cannot control, especially because you are nervous, excited, frightened

to shake to make small, quick movements you cannot control (when afraid or cold)

to shiver to tremble or shake with excitement or chill

to shudder to tremble with fear, horror or disgust, or with cold

to quiver to shake slightly, to make a slight movement

Exercise 63. Study the Notes on Style. Read the examples given below. Give examples of your own.

Part of Speech	Neutral Style	Colloquial Style	Bookish Style
Noun	guy	chap, fellow	lad
Adjective	good-looking	pretty	beautiful, handsome
Verb	to die, to pass away	to kick the bucket	to perish, to face the Maker

Exercise 64. Use the suitable word from the box.

shivering shuddered shaking quivered trembling

1. Her lips … slightly and she started to cry.

2. All the men roared with laughter, … in their chairs.

3. Don’t stand there … - come inside, and have a nice cup of tea to get yourself warm.

4. Lizzy … violently at the thought how cruel that man could be with her poor sister.

5. She was so nervous, everyone could notice that, her hands were … with fear as she was unwrapping the box.

Exercise 65. Answer the questions using your Active Vocabulary.

1. What can make people tremble?

2. When do people speak in a trembling voice?

3. What can make you shudder?

4. What makes a man shiver?

5. What do you say if you feel pain in your head/in your ear/in your knee?

6. What do you say if your stomach hurts you?

7. What do you say if your tooth has a cavity and troubles you?

8. How did you feel when you had a cold?

9. What do you say if your throat gives you pain?

10. Where do you buy medicine?

11. Can you buy medicine without a prescription?

12. Do you usually take a lot of medicines when you have a slight ailment?

13. Should you take any medicine when you have a toothache/a headache?

14. What do you call a subordinate clause beginning with “if”?

15. What measure of length is used in Great Britain?

16. What is usually printed at the bottom of the page?

17. When do people go bareheaded?

18. Is it healthy to walk barefoot?

19. Do you walk bareheaded in winter? Why?

20. Do you always take the vacant seat in public transport?

21. Is it polite to refuse a present?

22. When do you refuse your friend’s help?

23. What do you say when the sky is overcast and you may have some rain?

Exercise 66. Find 5 idioms with preposition like. Make up sentences using them.

Model: like a sitting duck

He was waiting there like a sitting duck – a perfect target for a mugger.

Exercise 67. Translate into English.

пустая бутылка, пустой взгляд, свободное место, пустой желудок,

свободное время, пустой человек, свободная комната, свободная должность

Exercise 68. Translate into English using your Active Vocabulary.

1. Кажется, скоро пойдет дождь, а ты опять забыл дома зонт. 2. – У вас есть свободные номера? – Нет, наша гостиница полна. – Вы уверены? – У нас есть один номер, но там нет мебели, кроме кровати. 3. Сначала Ник никак не мог поверить, что Джейн ответила на его предложение о женитьбе отказом. 4. Неделю назад он вышел на улицу с непокрытой головой и простудился. Вчера к нему приходил врач и выписал лекарство от простуды. 5. – Посоветуй мне какое-нибудь лекарство от простуды. – Честно сказать, мои знания о медицине оставляют желать лучшего. 6. Поверьте мне, он принимал это лекарство только в медицинских целях. 7. Когда он окончит медицинский институт, ему придется работать 5 лет в этой больнице. 8. В агентстве по недвижимости ему предложили практически пустую квартиру, и он отказался, так как привык жить в хороших условиях. 9. В тот момент комната была пуста, и каждый из гостей, которые сидели в гостиной, мог зайти в нее и взять то, что ему было нужно. 10. В верхней части страницы был маленький рисунок, сделанный автором. 11. Я лучше пойду пешком, в такой прекрасный вечер нет ничего лучше прогулки перед сном. 12. Ты не похож на простого рабочего в этой

одежде. 13. Я выпишу вам рецепт, но никакие лекарства не помогут вам, если вы не бросите курить. 14. Сноска внизу страницы гласила, что в качестве начинки можно использовать клубничное варенье. 15. Это так на него похоже, он не отказывает своим детям ни в чем. 16. Ребенок дрожал от страха, он отказывался входить в темную комнату. 17. Он больше не может работать в таких условиях. 18. – Что случилось? – У меня очень болит горло. Когда я что-нибудь глотаю, это причиняет мне боль. 19. При таких обстоятельствах вам могут не выдать визу.

Exercise 69. Translate into English using your Active Vocabulary.

1. О чем может идти речь? Ему нельзя садиться за руль в таком состоянии. 2. Мальчик стоял у доски и молчал, переминаясь с ноги на ногу. 3. Пейзаж был довольно унылым, кругом были огромные сугробы снега, из которых торчали голые черные деревья. 4. Я бы предпочел, чтобы вы выписали мне другие витамины, я не могу позволить себе столько потратить. 5. При условии, что вы будете соблюдать постельный режим и вам регулярно будут делать уколы, боль в спине пройдет. 6. Наша гостиница расположена у подножия горы. 7. Сколько ты купила лекарств! И таблетки от головной боли, и средство от расстройства желудка, и капли для носа и пластыри. – Необходимо, чтобы дома были различные лекарства. 8. К сожалению, мне придется отказаться от вашего предложения о деловой поездке. 9. Мне кажется, у меня температура… Нос заложен (to be clogged), голова болит, мне холодно. – Да ты вся дрожишь! Я сделаю тебе чай с лимоном, дам таблетку от простуды, а ты ложись в постель. 10. Сегодня был его первый день в офисе, он чувствовал себя как слон в посудной лавке (like a bull in a china shop).

SUBJUNCTIVE II IN OBJECT CLAUSES

AFTER THE VERB TO WISH

The predicate of the principal clause is expressed by the verb to wish. Subjunctive II is used in object clauses to express an unreal desired action. If the action expressed in the object clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause, the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used, with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood. If the action expressed in the object clause is prior to that of the principal clause, the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used.

I He, she, it You We, they

wish wished shall wish

sb. were sb. asked sb. had been sb. had asked

E.g. I wish I were less careless.

E.g. You will wish you had stayed at home.

If the desired action refers to the future and if you want to make the sentence more emphatic, the Analytical Subjunctive with the mood auxiliary would (could) may be used after the verb to wish. In most cases it is possible if the subjects in both clauses are different.

I He, she, it You We, they

wish wished shall wish

would/could be would/could ask

E.g. I wish I could fly!

E.g. Oh, how I wish you would forgive me.

Wish…would adds more emphatic stress to the statement, but we can only use it if the subjects in both clauses are different and if the wish refers to the present or future. Wish…would expresses willingness or unwillingness about the actions which we either want to be stopped or continued.

E.g. I wish you would not smoke in my room.

E.g. Great choice of perfume! I wish this wonderful scent would linger.

Exercise 70. Make up sentences.

I He

wish wished will wish

the students the actors I he they the hotel the sea the examinations the medicine

played more enthusiastically. spoke distinctly. did a little more work. knew their parts better. didn’t have to stay in bed. paid more attention to their study. knew their parts better. didn't have to stay in bed. didn’t have to do much work. weren’t so expensive. were warmer. weren’t so rough. weren’t so difficult. weren’t so bitter.

Exercise 71. Make up sentences using the Mood Auxiliaries would/could.

Model. I wish I … Italian. (to speak) – I wish I could speak Italian.

1. He wishes he … famous. (become)

2. They will wish he … the questions. (not/answer)

3. They will wish they … to the restaurant after the meeting. (go)

4. How I wish he … to keep his promises. (learn)

5. She wished she … you. (visit)

6. I wish we … more time sightseeing. (spend)

7. Mother wished he … his car slower. (drive)

8. He wishes she … him right now. (call)

9. I wish we … it to you in our own words! (describe)

10. I wished you … some CDs. (buy)

Exercise 72. Paraphrase using “I wish …”.

Model: It’s a pity you can’t come. – I wish you came.

It’s a pity you didn’t watch this film. – I wish you had watched this film.

1. It’s a pity you are busy on Sunday.

2. It’s a pity you didn’t visit Peter.

3. It’s a pity my computer hangs when I start to print.

4. It’s a pity the weather was so bad when you were in the country.

5. It’s a pity he missed so many classes.

6. It’s a pity you didn’t object to his words.

7. It’s a pity you are so sad.

8. It’s a pity they returned so quickly.

9. It’s a pity I considered him as a reliable person.

10. It’s a pity you don’t find it exciting.

Exercise 73. Imagine you were given three wishes. Share them with other students. Use ‘I wish …’

Model. I wish I were rich and powerful.

Exercise 74. Role-play the jokes.

***

Teacher: Tommy, come up to me and give me what you’ve got in your mouth.

Tommy: I wish I could – it’s a toothache.

***

- I wish my wife were a dentist.

- Why so?

- I’d love to hear her say to me “open your mouth” instead of “shut up”.

***

Mother (at dinner): Johnny, I wish you’d stop reaching for things. Haven’t you a tongue?

Johnny: Yes, Mother, but my arm’s longer.

Exercise 75. Translate into English using your Active Grammar.

A

1. Жаль, что вы отказались от участия в конференции. 2. Он пожалел, что не взял с собой видеокамеру. 3. Жаль, что ты уходишь так рано. 4. Ты еще пожалеешь, что ты приехал в этот город! 5. Жаль, что вы не согласились взять эту работу. 6. – Жаль, что он не пришел тогда. – Он тоже сожалеет. Он сказал, что просто заблудился. 7. О, я так жалею, что приехала отдыхать сюда! 8. Жаль, что они попросили ее закончить свою работу на этим проектом. 9. Как я жалею, что мы переехали из того района, где мы жили раньше. 10. Жаль, что вы всегда носите одежду темных тонов.

B

1. Хоть бы доктор пришел поскорее. 2. Хоть бы врачам удалось спасти мальчику жизнь. 3. Не надо закрывать все окна, в комнате очень душно. 4. Да перестань ты, наконец, говорить об этом! 5. Хоть бы этот мальчишка оставил меня в покое. 6. Не надо купаться в такую погоду. Ты можешь простудиться. 7. Хоть бы я не говорил ей эти новости! 8. Хоть бы они согласились со мной в этом вопросе. 9. Да пойми же наконец! 10. Не надо детям смотреть этот фильм, они все равно ничего не поймут.

SUBJUNCTIVE II IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF COMPARISON.

Subjunctive II is used in adverbial clauses of comparison introduced by the conjunctions as if and as though. If the action of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used; with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood. If the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive (the Past Perfect) of the Indicative Mood is used.

do, did will do

as though as if

sb. were sb. had been sb. did sth. sb. had done sth.

E.g. She spoke as if she knew everything.

E.g. They spoke as though nothing had happened.

E.g. He treats her as if she were apiece of furniture.

Exercise 76. Complete the sentences using Subjunctive II.

1. The boy was shifting form one foot to the other as if ….

2. He greeted her as if ….

3. She inquired about his health as if ….

4. You will be treated as if ….

5. He ate so greedily as if ….

6. He touched her hand lightly as if ….

7. The girl was daydreaming as if ….

8. She was in such a hurry as if ….

9. Why are you laughing as if …?

10. He was particularly cruel as if ….

11. She shuddered as if ….

12. Cathy stared at me as if ….

Exercise 77. Translate into English using your Active Grammar.

1. Послушай, нельзя относиться к каждой неудаче, как будто это катастрофа. Все наладится. 2. Они удивленно уставились на нее, как будто видели ее в первый раз. 3. Она говорит о своей поездке так, как будто это самое впечатляющее событие ее жизни. 4. Не переживай, у нее просто такой характер. Завтра она будет вести себя, как будто не было никакой ссоры. – Тогда я тоже притворюсь, что ничего не случилось. 5. Почему ты всегда обращаешься с ней так, как будто она маленькая девочка? 6. Она всегда берет с собой так много вещей, как будто она не может прожить без этих мелочей. 7. Он все говорит и говорит! Он ведет себя так, как будто всем приятно выслушивать его мнение! 8. Все говорят об этом фильме, как будто это какое-то чудо. 9. Она уверенно повернула направо, как будто уже бывала в этом здании раньше. 10. Этот преподаватель говорит о своем предмете, как будто он самый главный в учебной программе.

SUBJUNCTIVE II IN PREDICATIVE CLAUSES

AFTER THE VERBS OF BEING AND SEEMING.

Subjunctive II is used in predicative clauses after the link verbs of being and seeming (to be, to feel, to look, to seem), the conjunctions as if and as though are used to connect the principal and the predicative clause.

be feel look sound seem

as though as if

sb. were sb. had been sb. did sth. sb. had done sth.

E.g. She looks as though she saw something terrible.

E.g. You sound as if you had been there.

Exercise 78. Make up sentences.

He looks He looked He will look

as if as though

he were ill. he knew her. he were interested in it. he were sure of it. he were afraid of us. he were tired.

Exercise 79. Make up sentences.

He looks He looked He will look

as if as though

he had sent her a letter long ago. he had got interested in the problem. he had done it himself. he had translated this article long ago. he had had a long rest. he had lived in the South. his life had been ruined.

Exercise 80. Complete the sentences using your Active Grammar.

Model: Why do you look as if …? – Why do you look as if you had been robbed?

1. When we met him next morning he looked as if ….

2. They were excited as if ….

3. After a fortnight she looked as if ….

4. Your words sound as if ….

5. How can you look as if …?

6. After that long bus ride she felt as if ….

7. Don’t worry, it’ll seem as if ….

8. You always make it look as if ….

9. Don’t you feel as if …?

10. He was so fond of his pet that it seemed as if ….

11. Judging by the first impression, it looks as if ….

12. Why do you sound as if …?

Exercise 81. Translate into English using your Active Grammar.

1. Он выглядел так, как будто ему это наскучило до смерти. 2. Оттепель длилась неделю, и москвичи чувствовали, словно началась весна. 3. Она чувствовала, словно они ожидали от нее объяснений. 4. Твои слова прозвучали так, как будто ты умышленно скрыл все недостатки. 5. Там столько прекрасных растений! Мы чувствовали, словно мы были в саду, а не в помещении. 6. Казалось, она безмятежно спит. 7. Каждый преподаватель чувствует, как будто предмет, который он преподает, самый важный в программе. 8. Тсс! Разве тебе не кажется, словно кто-то крадется? 9. Дом выглядел так, как будто ни один человек не был здесь за все 10 лет. 10. Это прозвучит так, как будто мы заранее ожидали их приезда.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-16