Have to

The modal expression have to + infinitive is used in the Present, Past and Future Indefinite. The auxiliary verb do is used to form the negative and the interrogative forms. The modal expression is used to express an obligation or necessity arising out of circumstances and its meaning is close to be obliged (“приходится, должен, вынужден”).

E.g. I have to go. He had to explain it to me again. She will have to stay after classes.

The modal expression have got to + infinitive is very close in its meaning but can be used only in the present:

E.g. I have got (I’ve got) to follow his advice.

For the meaning of necessity and absence of necessity – see the table.

Exercise 203. Read and comment on the meaning of the modal verb. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. - He’d think you were mad. – Well, I should have to consider what is best. 2. “Uncle Guy, do I have to remind you that I am your superior officer?” 3. - We’ve only just arrived. - Well, you are late. The bus has gone back. We haven’t any transport. You’ll have to find your own way here. 4. I hope you’ve got everything you want if you haven’t, you’ll just have to do without. 5. If we are going to have a drink before closing time, we’ve got to hurry.

(E. Waugh. Men at Arms)

6. - What’s the time? - Quarter to two. - Damn. We’ll have to take a taxi. 7. He was in a frenzy yet as he had to admit afterwards to himself or rather to Eliza – bath, in a way he rather enjoyed it.

(I. Murdock. The Unicorn)

8. You’re a bit of a hand at the maps, Seaton. We’ll have to see if we can’t find you a job in the office one of these days. 9. “What would happen if they heard it?” “Why... you’d get the sack.” “That’d be terrible,” - I said. “I’d have to get another job, wouldn’t I?” 10. - If I didn’t love her I might think twice about it. - You’ve got to think twenty times about whether you love her or not.

(A. Sillitoe. Key to the Door)

Exercise 204. Read the jokes. Comment on the meaning of the modal expression have to.

***

Father (to a little boy eating an apple): Look out for the worms, sonny.

Little boy: When I eat an apple, the worms have to look out for themselves.

***

Johnny rescued a playmate from an icy pond.

- Why don’t you tell us how you came to be so brave and save your friend?

- I had to. He was wearing my skates.

Exercise 205. Make up excuses for the following situations using have to.

Model. You want to go home earlier. – Oh, I absolutely have to leave now – my neighbour called me and said she had seen two strangers trying to open my door!

1. You don’t want to stay for the party.

2. You don’t want to visit your cousin.

3. You don’t want to go to the meeting.

4. You don’t want to go to your country house with your parents.

5. You don’t want to spend so much money on a new computer.

6. You don’t want to go on a trip.

7. You don’t want to write a letter.

8. You don’t want to go out.

9. You don’t want to talk to somebody.

10. You don’t want to cook tonight.

Exercise 206. Make up guesses about what must have happened.

Model. cat/break a vase - Oh, look! The cat must have broken my favourite vase!

1. mother/do the laundry

2. children/leave the toys

3. Janet/water the plants

4. she/deliver the mail

5. he/sign the documents

6. she/take the picture

7. John/fix the car

8. he/clean the house

9. Mary/leave the window open

10. Mark/lose a key

Exercise 207. Translate into English using Active Grammar.

1. Нам придется лететь самолетом, иначе мы можем опоздать к началу конференции. 2. Вам часто приходится обсуждать такие сложные вопросы? 3. За два дня до начала соревнования бегун сломал ногу и вынужден был остаться дома. 4. Если вы не сдадите экзамен, вам придется заниматься все каникулы. 5. Неужели я в самом деле должен бросить курить? 6. Если бы вы были внимательнее на занятиях, мне не пришлось бы снова объяснять вам употребление этого модального глагола. 7. Тебе придется разговаривать с директором самому. Я слишком занят сегодня. 8. Конечно, мне очень бы хотелось провести вечер с друзьями, но я должен остаться в институте после занятий. 9. Условия соглашения были тяжелыми для нее, но ей все же пришлось принять их. 10. – Вам много приходиться играть на пианино? - Очень. Это отнимает у меня столько времени, что, боюсь, мне придется бросить музыку. 11.

Вам не нужно принимать участия в этой экспедиции, если вы себя плохо чувствуете. 12. Если бы дом не был таким старым, нам не пришлось бы так часто ремонтировать его.

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