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Ivan Franko




 

The great Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko was born on August 27, 1856 in the village of Naguievychi in the Lviv region.

His father was a blacksmith. Ivan was a gifted child. At school Ivan Franko learned Russian, German and Polish. He read Pushkin, Turgenev, Schiller, Goethe and Mickiewicz in original. The first poems of Ivan Franko were published in 1874 in the students’ magazine “Friend”. In 1875 Ivan Franko entered Lviv University. He graduated from Chernivtsi University in 1891. In his stories, poems and plays Ivan Franko wrote about real people whom he knew. In 1882 he wrote the novel “Boryslav is Laughing” and the historical novel “Zakhar Berkut”. He worked under the most difficult conditions. He was imprisoned three times /1777-78, 1880, 1889/.

In 1893 I. Franko obtained a doctorate at Vienna University and applied for a chair at Lviv University but his application was turned down. In 1894-97 he together with his wife Olga Fedorivna edited a magazine “Life and Word”. Olga Franko /Khoruzhynska/ /1864-1941/ published her studies “Carpathian Boikoes and their Family Life”.

In 1906 Ivan Franko became the Honorary Doctor of the Russian language and literature at Kharkiv University. He was awarded this title for his work “Studies on Ukrainian Folk Songs”.

Ivan Franko was the most outstanding poet in the post-Shevchenko period of Ukrainian literature. His works are read and translated all over the world. They have been published in 19 languages totaling nine million copies.

Ivan Franko died on May 25, 1906 in Lviv. Today the memory of the great classic of Ukrainian literature is honoured by his countrymen through our land.

 

 

Reading

 

Read the narration of an excerpt from “Zakhar Berkut” after Ivan Franko.

It was 1241. Spring had come to the Tukhlia mountains. The New Tukhlia nobleman, Tuhar Vovk, was organizing a big bear hunt. The hunt was not for entertainment. It was the struggle for life and death.

The people of Tuhlia had given Tuhar Vovk as leader of the hunt the bravest man in Tukhlia highlands, Maksym Berkut, son of Zakhar. Maksym Berkut was the chief of that little army. The noblemen themselves executed the young leader’s orders.

The Tuhar’s daughter, Myroslava, had joined the hunters as one of their party. She rode proudly, boldly, straight and slender as a poplar. She was her father’s only child; her mother had died just after her birth. She had grown in atmosphere of freedom and had been raised like a boy. Her father had taken her with him everywhere he went. He taught her to handle weapons and keep her courage in the face of danger. Myroslava, however, had never ceased to be a woman; she was delicate, kind, sensitive and modest. The hunting party set out at dawn. At first Maksym opposed the idea of a woman joining the dangerous expedition, but Myroslava had insisted.

Suddenly, sound was heard. “Take care!” – Maksym shouted. The hunters parted ways. Myroslava saw before her a precipice. She began to walk across the bridge, but the tree gave way and Myroslava dropped downward. Five steps in front of her a huge she-bear with her cubs was laying! Myroslava trembled. She lifted, her horn and sounded the alarm. At that sound the she-bear threw herself at Myroslava. She thrust the spear – the bear fell onto her back. But the wound was not fatal. The best was coming closer... “Help!” – Myroslava cried. At that moment a spear sailed over... Maksym had made his way through the mass of deadwood. Now he stood beside Myroslava. She pressed his hand. Maksym suddenly felt confused. “Thank God, I was able to get to you,..” – he said. Myroslava felt a strange sweet ache near her heart. She lowered her eyes; her word of thanks died on her lips. Maksym raised his horn and sounded victory. Tuhtar Vovk made his way to his daughter. For a long time he hold her in his arm. He felt uncomfortable listening to his daughter’s words. It was not easy for him, a proud noble man, to publicly give thanks to a peasant.

“Young man,” – he said, “please accept the thanks of a father. The nobleman Tuhar Vovk will never forget you have done”.

Maksym felt confused. Finally he said: “There is nothing to thank me for, nobleman. I did what anyone in my place would have done...” On saying that, he turned and left. The hunt was over.




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