Pre-reading

UNIT 9

Group A Group B

to digest digestion

to release to break down

nutrient detergent

algae bacteria

substance livestock

sanitation zooplankton

to stimulate devastating

to evaporate to consume

cleansing to cleanse

VI. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English:

1. Наслідки Чорнобильської аварії є дійсно руйнівними.

2. Доведено, що використання миючих засобів завдає шкоди навколишньому середовищу.

3. Яке визначення має “ поживна речовина ”? Це хімічна речовина, яка потрібна живим організмам для росту.

4. Забруднення води відбувається, коли природні очищувальні процеси не можуть здійснюватись належним чином.

5. Бактеріє переробляють відходи, використовуючи кисень, розчинений у воді. Крім цього, вони розкладають мертвих тварин та відходи.

6. Поперекопуй гній з ґрунтом, і в тебе буде багатий врожай овочів.

7. Цей процес достатньо нагріває нафту, щоб будь-яка волога, що залишилась, випаровувалась.

8. Спеціальні переробні заводи забезпечують покращення санітарних умов, знищуючи шкідливих бактерій та видаляючи тверді відходи.

WRITING

Read the description of the diagram showing the water pollution cycle. Fill in the gaps in the diagram with the necessary words and phrases. Give your reasons.

Water pollution occurs when people upset the balance with excess nutrients from such sources as fertilizers and untreated sewage. This process is called eutrophication. The algae grow faster than the fish can eat them. As more algae grow, more also die. Bacteria in the water use up much oxygen consuming the excess dead algae. The oxygen level of the water drops, causing many aquatic plants and animals to die. As they decay, they consume still more oxygen. Without oxygen, the bacteria of decay can no longer function. Dead fish and other wastes sink to the bottom. Cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry raised on feed lots do not distribute their wastes over widespread pastureland. Cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry raised on feed lots do not distribute their wastes over widespread pastureland.

A untreated sewage, B animal wastes, C feedlot, D cropland, E fertilizer run-off,

F atmospheric run-off, G nutrients, H sewage treatment plant, I algae, J treated sewage,

K nutrients, L fish, M dead algae, N dead microscopic organisms, O dead plants, P dead fish, insects, worms, and other animals, Q organic materials, insects, worms, shellfish, bacteria and fungi, R oxygen, S insects, worms, microscopic animals, bacteria and fungi.

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING

Functions practised: asking for/ giving explanations.

Vocabulary Area: greenhouse effect, global warming, to trap, to reflect, to absorb, to radiate, to alter, to decrease, to migrate, invisible, controversial, dense, soot, droplet, photosynthesis, solar, infrared rays, surface, severity, impact, emission, device, shifts in plant and animal population, current, wind patterns.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Listen to four people talking about improving our environment. What are their suggestions connected with? Make notes about their suggestions.

Speaker 1 _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Speaker 2 _______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Speaker 3 _______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Speaker 4 _______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Listen again and check. Which suggestions do you think are the best?

READING

You are going to read the text about global warming and the greenhouse effect. What do you know about these phenomena? Have you ever read about them? Why are the people so worried about them?

Дата добавления: 2014-11-16