I. LEAD-IN. 1. Complete the following word combinations with the correct prepositions

V. SPEAKING

IV. GRAMMAR FOCUS

1. Complete the following word combinations with the correct prepositions. Find and read the sentences with these word combination in the text “Definition and Elements of the Crime”

by under to through of by to

Punishable ______________ the state, injurious ______________ society, breach ______________ contract, as defined ______________ law, arise ______________ contract, intention ______________ commit some wrongful act, ______________ criminal law

1. Look at the diagram showing the crime statistic in the USA. Then answer the following questions:

1) What crimes are considered violent?

2) What crimes are property crimes?

3) What are the most frequent crimes in the USA? Were the most frequent crimes the same in 1999 and 2007?

4) What are the least frequent crimes in the USA?

Were the least frequent crimes the same in 1999 and 2007?

5) How had the crime rate changed by the year of 2007? Which crimes became more frequent / less frequent?

Diagram 1 Reported Crimes in the United States Although the exact number of crimes that occur in the United States is unknown, criminal activity can be gauged by the incidents reported to law enforcement. The Crime Index is composed of selected offenses and is used to monitor fluctuations in the overall volume and rate of reported crime. Totals are based on data from all reporting agencies and estimates for unreported areas.

Population	272,691,000	288,368,698
Crime index total^2	11,635,100	11,877,218
Violent crime^3	1,430,690	1,426,325
Property crime^4	10,204,500	10,450,893
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter	15,530	16,204
Forcible rape	89,110	95,136
Robbery	409,670	420,637
Aggravated assault	916,380	894,348
Burglary	2,099,700	2,151,875
Larceny-theft	6,957,400	7,052,922
Motor vehicle theft	1,147,300	1,246,096

1) Populations are Bureau of the Census provisional estimates as of July 1, except 2000, which are the decennial census counts.
2) Offenses may not add up to totals due to rounding.
3) Violent crimes are the offenses of murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
4) Property crimes are the offenses of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. Data for arson are not included.

Source: U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation.  

Unit 2 Crimes and Criminals Section 2 Classification of Crimes

1. How are crimes classified in the Ukrainian legislation?

2. Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents:

	felony		порушення прав інших осіб
	misdemeanor		винність
	culpability		кримінальний злочин
	infringe on the rights of others		засудження парламентом винного в державній зраді
	acts of attainder		кримінальний проступок

3. How many syllables are there in the following words? Which of the syllables is stressed in each of them?

Misdemeanors, circumstances, imprisonment, culpability, naturally, antitrust, legislature, authority, Amendment, administrative, retroactively.

TEXT 2

4. Read the text and tell:

- what information is new for you;

- what you have already known about types and classification of crimes.

Classification of Crimes

Crimes are usually classified as treason, felony, or misdemeanor. The fundamental distinction between felonies and misdemeanors rests with the penalty and the power of imprisonment. In general, a misdemeanor is an offence for which a punishment other than death or imprisonment in the state prison is prescribed by law. The term "degree of crime" refers to distinctions in the culpability of an offense because of the circumstances surrounding its commission. Crimes are sometimes divided according to their nature into crimes mala in se and crimes mala prohibita; the former class comprises those acts that are thought to be immoral or wrong in themselves, or naturally evil, such as murder, rape, arson, burglary, larceny, and the like; the latter class embraces those acts that are not naturally evil but are prohibited by statute because they infringe on the rights of others (e.g., acts in restraint of trade that have been made criminal under antitrust legislation). For example, in the United States, the power to define crimes and set punishment for them rests with the legislatures of the United States, the several states, and the territories, the principal authority being that of the individual states. This power in the states is restricted by the federal Constitution, e.g., in the Fourteenth Amendment and in prohibitions against acts of attainder (an act of attainder is a legislative declaration that a particular individual is guilty of a crime) and against ex post facto laws (laws that retroactively declare certain actions to be criminal). State constitutions may also limit state legislative action. The courts cannot look further into the propriety of a penal statute than to ascertain whether the legislature has the power to enact it. Administrative rules may have the force of law, and violations of such rules are punishable as public offenses, provided that the legislature has made such violations misdemeanors.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-20