Exercise 24. Read and translate the text

London

WASHINGTON, D.C.

independent- независимый

with its own laws- со своими законами

a plot of land- участок земли

the Capitol- Капитолий

in honor of- в честь

a discoverer- первооткрыватель

a founder- основатель

sense- смысл

The USA is a federal union which is made up of 50 states and one independent district- the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia is the territory of the national capital of the USA. Washington. C. is situated on both banks of the Potomac river, between two states, Maryland and Virginia.

This place was chosen by the first American President George Washington. The plot of land of a hundred square miles was bought from private owners by the state. In 1790 George Washington laid the corner-stone of the Capitol where the Congress sits. The place was called the District of Columbia in honor of Columbus, the discoverer of America.

The capital got the name of Washington after the name of its founder. Washington has been the federal capital since 1800.

Washington is sometimes called the heart of America. It is the place where the federal government works and where each President of the USA lives. Washington is smaller in size than the largest cities of the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Detroit or Los Angeles. The population of Washington is about 11 million people. The buildings in Washington are not very tall because no building must be taller than the Capitol. But in political sense Washington is the center of the country and the most important city of the USA.

Exercise 21. Answer the following questions:

1. How many parts is the USA made up of?

2. What is the District of Columbia?

3. How was Washington, D.C. founded?

4. What is Washington famous for?

5. In what sense is Washington the most important city in the USA?

Exercise 22. Translate into English:

1. США состоят из 50 штатов и независимого округа Колумбия.

2. Округа Колумбия имеет собственные законы.

3. Место для Вашингтона, расположенного по обоим берегам реки Потомак.

4. Город получил свое название в честь Джорджа Вашингтона.

5. В Вашингтоне работает правительство США, и живут американские президенты.

6. С 1800 года Вашингтон был федеральной столицей.

7. Вашингтон- политический центр США.

Exercise 23. Find the English equivalents and make up sentences of your own:

Состоять из, быть расположенным, государство, заложить, по имени, федеральная столица, быть меньше по размеру, в политическом смысле.

an economic centre – экономический центр

a suburb - окраина

an area - область

a district - район

a port area – портовая территория

nearby - близлежащий

a restaurant - ресторан

a concrete building – бетонное здание

a major city – главный город

outside - вне

headquarter - штаб-квартира

London is a capital of the United Kingdom, its economic, political and cultural centre. London has been a capital for nearly a thousand years. Many of its ancient buildings still stand. The most famous of them are the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul’s Cathedral.

London is home for the headquarters of all government departments, Parliament, the major legal institutions and the monarch. It is the country’s business and banking centre and the centre of its transport network. It contains the headquarters of the national television networks and of all the national newspapers.

Different areas of London seem like different cities. The West End is a rich man’s world of shops, offices and theatres. The City of London is the district where most offices and banks are concentrated; the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England are here, too. The East End is the district where mostly working people live. The old port area is now called “Docklands”. There are now new office buildings in Docklands, and thousands of new flats and houses.

Like all big cities, London has streets and concrete buildings, but it also has many big parks, full of trees, flowers and grass. In the middle of Hyde Park or Kensington Gardens you will think that you are in the country, miles away.

Exercise 25. Answer the questions:

1. What part does London play in the life of the UK?

2. What are the most famous ancient buildings of London?

3. What are different districts of London famous for?

4. Is the East End the district where mostly working people live?

5. What has London except concrete buildings?

6. Different areas of London seem like different cities, don’t they?

7. How is old port area called?

Exercise 26. Translate into English:

1. Лондон – экономический, политический и культурный центр, один из крупнейших портов страны и крупнейших городов в мире.

2. Самые знаменитые древние здания – Лондонский Тауер, Вестминстерское аббатство, собор Святого Павла, Парламент, Букингемский дворец.

3.Вест – Энд – район магазинов, офисов и театров, район богатых людей.

4.В Сити сконцентрированы банки, офисы, в том числе Королевская Биржа и Банк Англии.

5.В Ист-Энде живут рабочие.

6.В Докланде, бывшем районе портов, сейчас много новых офисов.

7.В Вест-Энд лондонцы приезжают развлекаться.

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