State control over land use and protection

Types of state environmental management and environmental protection. Bodies of general competence

Definition and types of environmental management and environmental protection

Lecture 5.

Subject: The organizational and legal forms of governance in the field of nature conservation and environmental protection.

The Plan:

Keywords: public administration, government regulation, bodies of general competence, the organs of special competence.

1. Definition and types of environmental management and environmental protection

Governance refers to the leadership something (someone). Management in the field of interaction between society and nature is a collection of relevant stakeholders undertaken actions aimed at ensuring compliance with the requirements of environmental legislation. Here we are talking about the disposal of natural resources on ensuring the rational use and reproduction of natural resources, the preservation or restoration of favorable environmental conditions, compliance and environmental protection of the rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities.

Environmental management and environmental protection intended to ensure the implementation of environmental legislation. The social value of law in general and the rights of citizens to a healthy environment is manifested primarily in the implementation of the relevant legal regulations.

Environmental and social value of the control in this sphere in general, and especially the state is determined by the fact that through the consistent implementation of legislation regarding disposal of natural resources, their sustainable use and protection of the environment from the harmful effects to ensure compliance of environmental rights and legitimate interests of the citizen.

The most important function of public management is the participation of citizens and community groups in the preparation of environmentally important economic decisions in the framework of the impact assessment of the proposed activity on the environment, in such decisions through public environmental review, environmental control.

At a national level the greatest responsibility for the consistent implementation of environmental legislation lies with the bodies exercising state control of natural resources and environmental protection.

State management in the field of nature and environmental protection - an integral part of public administration in general. Triad entities - citizen organization (employer) and the state - has a special place. They have a special legal and administrative means to ensure the implementation of environmental legislation requirements, having recourse, if necessary, to state coercion. State environmental management and protection of the environment is based on a number of methods. Under the management practices are understood methods of state influence on the behavior and activities of the management. The methods are divided into administrative (direct order, provides the ability of state coercion), economic (the creation of conditions of environmental interest organizations and labor collectives in compliance with laws and administrative decisions) and moral (awarding state awards, honorary titles, and so on. N.).

Given the role of state management in the art in comparison with other types of control its content of the most widely used.

2. Types of state environmental management and environmental protection. Bodies of general competence

State management of use and protection of natural resources by the various public bodies with different competencies and functioning at different levels. They can be divided into three types: general competence organs, organs of special competence, functional organs.

Feature of environmental management and environmental protection agencies of general competence lies in the fact that they carry out these activities, along with other tasks assigned to their competence, economic development, management of social sectors (health, education, etc.), Culture, defense, space, etc.

Bodies of general competence, exercising the state management and protection of natural resources are:

- President of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

- The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

- Administration of subjects RK;

- Local administration (governorates).

Land protection and control over their use

Production activity of people, devastating natural phenomena often negatively affect the condition of the soil cover. The main factors that reduce soil fertility, are erosion, Stalinization, water logging, pollution, garbage industry.

Lead to the destruction of soil mining, weapons testing and other human actions. All this poses to mankind important task - to protect the land as part of the natural environment. The natural environment forms a complex concept, under which historically have developed two forms of interaction between society and nature.

The first - the consumption of human nature, the use of nature to meet his material and spiritual consumers, what might be called a form of environmental interaction.

The second form of the interaction was the protection of the environment in order to preserve man as a biological and social organism and its natural habitat. Consequently, the protection of land and it contains ecological forms of interaction between society and nature.

According to the laws of the land includes land protection system of legal, institutional, environmental, technological and other measures aimed at protecting the land as part of the natural environment, on the rational use of land, prevention of unreasonable seizure of land from agricultural and forestry turnover, as well as to restore and improve the fertility soils.

3. State control over land use and protection.

The task of government control is to ensure the proper execution of the land legislation, the implementation of measures for the rational use and protection of land by public authorities, legal entities and citizens. State control over the use and protection of land by local executive bodies, executive bodies on land management, conservation and other authorized bodies within their competence. Other bodies include: the state sanitary-epidemiological service of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of housing and development areas, the Committee on Water Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

Standards for the use of natural resources

Standards for the use (withdrawal) of natural resources shall be established to ensure the prevention of depletion of natural resources, taking into account their self-healing, prevent an imbalance in the natural environment.

In terms of resources (eg, minerals), such regulations should define the socially and economically sound mode of use (production). It appears that the rate of consumption of non-renewable resources can be determined by taking into account other criteria, in particular, by determining the optimal volume of some of their consumption. It is important in this case that such criteria were transformed into specific standards for the use of natural resources. Law "On Environmental Protection" set limits on the use of natural resources, environmental constraints system in the territories and which are established enterprises of natural resources for a specified period the volume limit use (withdrawal) of natural resources, emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment and waste disposal production. Term achieve regulatory volumes of nature and the limits of weather are determined in accordance with the approved indicators of state and regional environmental programs.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-16