Windows

CONSTRUCTION

Exercise 11. Translate from Russian into English.

1) Ты должен был выступить с докладом на прошедшей научной конференции.

2) Он не должен был критиковать тебя, т.к. ты прав.

3) Тебе следовало бы пойти в лабораторию, т.к. там проводился интересный эксперимент.

4) Мне разрешили сегодня не приходить на работу, т.к. я плохо себя чувствовал.

5) Этот архитектор смог убедить нас в том, что бетон в сочетании со сталью и стеклом явился превосходным материалом для строительства офисов.

Exercise 12. Word control:

brick; lime mortar; stone; stucco; timber; sheets of glass; consider; consumption; reinforced concrete; cement; steel; aluminium; plastics; asbestos; resource; damage; environment; require; repair; reuse; kiln; through; fuel.

Translate text 4B without a dictionary.

Text 4B:

Modern construction for large buildings is invariably a steel or concrete frame to which is attached a veneer of walling, be it glass, brick, stone or plastic. These panels are held back to the frame with cramps (again out of sight for inspection).

Traditional construction for large buildings was invariably a solid thick loadbearing wall made of masonry with openings in the wall for windows and doors. The advantage of modern construction is primary financial in that it can achieve a thin wall and a very high building which is of great advantage to the developer by cramming more space on to a limited site. Whereas a traditional building can only really be raised about six floors because the thickness in the brick wall becomes excessive at the lower levels if the number of floors is increased further. Traditionally, buildings were only raised to six storeys because, before the days of electric lifts, people would not wish to climb any higher.

A traditional window was designed in such a way that it lit the space inside the room comfortably; that is, it was not too large or too small to make the room either too hot in summer or too cold in winter. Our forefathers found that a little over one tenth of the floor area was about right for reception rooms and slightly smaller for bedrooms. The windows were therefore arranged in the external wall in such a way that the rooms were well lit and could be easily furnished.

On the other hand the modern window is normally vastly in excess of ten percent; sometimes it runs from wall to wall and from floor to ceiling. In this way the space inside can be very uncomfortable, hard to furnish and expensive to keep warm in winter and cool in summer.

Words to the text:

veneer of walling – облицовка стен

cramp – зажим, скоба; скреплять скобкой

solid – сплошной

cram – впихивать; втискивать; переполнять

site – строительная площадка

insoluble – нерастворимый, неразрешимый

either…or… - или…или…

arrange – располагать, устраивать

in such a way – таким образом

furnish – меблировать, оборудовать

per cent – %

cause – вызывать, заставлять

lower level – нижний уровень

excess – излишек, избыток

Exercise 13. Word control:

brick (n); lime mortar; stucco (n); slate (n); timber (n); reinforced concrete (R.C.)(n); expansion (n); brickwork (n); pliable (n); joint (n); reinforcement (n); kiln (n); life (n); felt (n); override (v); overriding (a); laminated (a); remain (v); damage (n, v); cement.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-17