Modal verbs

Infinitive

Participle

Gerund

Grammar material

	Perfect Tenses
	Active	Passive
Present:	I have done it. (Я уже сделал это).	The work has been done. (Работа уже сделана).
Past:	I had done it by 5 o’clock yesterday. (Я уже сделал это к 5 часам вчера).	The work had been done by 5 o’clock yesterday.
Future:	I’ ll have done it by 5 o’clock tomorrow. (Я сделаю это к 5 часам завтра).	The work will have been done by 5 o’clock tomorrow. (Работа будет сделана к 5 часам завтра).

T H A T
тот	то, что	что чтобы в придаточном дополнительном предложении который в придаточном определительном предложении	это that is a…	that is (i.e.) т.е.	that of заменитель сущ.,ед.ч.	so that с тем, чтобы; так, что (чтобы)

	Active	Passive
Simple	designing	being designed
Perfect	having designed	having been designed

	Participle I	Participle II
Simple	Active	Passive	changed
changing	being changed
Perfect	having changed	having been changed

	Active	Passive
Simple	to help	to be helped
Continuous	to be helping	-
Perfect	to have helped	to have been helped

I. Долженствование:

Modal verb	must	have to	should	ought to	to be to	needn’t
Present	must	have to has to	should	ought to	is to are to am to	needn’t
Past	-	had to	-	-	were to was to	-
Future	-	will have to	-	-	-	-

II. can – могу, умею (что-л. делать) (умственная/физическая возможность)

Infinitive	-	эквивалент
Future	-	will be able to
Present	can	am/is/are able to
Past	could	was/were able to
III. may – могу (разрешение)
Infinitive	-	эквивалент
Future	-	will be allowed to
Present	may	am/is/are allowed to
Past	might	was/were allowed to

Conditional sentences

1^st type (real)

2^nd type (unreal:) present, future

3^d type (unreal:) past

If you ring me up, we’ll go to the cinema (Если ты мне позвонишь, мы пойдем в кино).

If you rang me up, we would go to the cinema (Если бы ты позвонил (сегодня/завтра), мы бы пошли в кино). Действие маловероятно.

If you had rung me up yesterday we would have gone to the cinema (Если бы ты позвонил мне (вчера), мы бы пошли в кино). Действие не свершилось в прошлом.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-17