Lesson four. I. Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents

Text B

LESSON THREE

I. Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents. You will need them for better understanding text B:

radio tube – радиолампа; wire– провод, проволока; layer – слой; junction – соединение, сочленение; переход; a solid-state diode – твердотельный диод; sound picture – 1. звуковое кино; 2. звуковой кинофильм; long-distance telephone call – междугородный телефонный вызов; seek – искать; to adapt – приспосабливать; control – управление; регулирование; image – изображение; to respond – реагировать; to detect – замечать, обнаруживать.

П. Skim through text В and choose the best title for it:

1. Electronics in Industry.

2. Electronics and the Second Industrial Revolution.

3. General Uses of Electronics.

Electronics is the science or practice of using electricity in devices similar to transistors and radio tubes so as to get results not possible with ordinary electrical equipment.

Most persons know how electric current flows in motors and transformers; here the electricity always flows in the copper wire or other metal parts. When electricity passes through space as occurs within a tube, such action is called electronic. More recently, when layers of semiconductor metals are joined together so that current flows through the junction in one direction only, as in a solid-state diode or a transistor, such action is also called electronic. If a device passes its stream of electrons through internal space, or through the junction where certain different metals meet, the device is called electronic.

Without electronics there might be no radio, television, sound pictures or long-distance telephone calls. Most of these familiar equipments serve to carry or give information; so communication early was a main purpose of electronics and still holds interest of many workers and students in this field.

Meanwhile industry seeking faster and more accurate methods of production has adapted electronic equipment to its own needs. Gradually during the past fifty years industrial plants have installed electronic equipment to give better operation of motors along with control of varied operations.

Some people believe that electronic devices can hear, see, feel, smell or even think; this is true only when the sound, image, feeling or thought can be changed into electrical signal, to which the transistor or tube-operated device¹ can then respond. Much of the success of electronics depends on the methods used to obtain an electric signal that can be used to stimulate the electronic device into action². The electronic circuit can be made to detect such a signal, increase its strength and put it to useful work³.

Notes

1.tube-operated device – прибор, управляемый электронной лампой

2.to stimulate into action – побуждать к действию

3.to put to useful work – заставить выполнять полезную работу

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What is electronics? 2. What device is called electronic? 3. What was a main purpose of electronics? 4. What has industry adapted to its own needs?

IV. Give the main points of text В in 4-5 sentences.

V. Speak about the use of electronics in industry.

I. Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents facilitating reading text C:

solid-state device – твердотельный прибор; vacuum tube– электронная лампа; thermionic valve – термоэлектронная лампа; shape – форма; конфигурация; evacuate – откачивать; разрежать; to emit – испускать, излучать; to attract – притягивать; to charge – заряжать; grid – сетка; high power – высокая мощность; amplifier – усилитель; to transistorize – собирать на транзисторах; переводить на транзисторы.

II. Scan text С and find the information about the uses of vacuum tubes.

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