Glossary

accept verb

1. to take or agree to something that is offered: The unions voted to accept the latest pay offer. I’ll accept ₤ 100 if you give me cash. 2. to agree to undertake (responsibility for) something: The manufactures will not accept responsibility for damage caused by misuse. 3. (banking) to sing a bill of exchange to say that you promise to pay it: The bill of exchange was accepted for payment. 4. (law) to agree to an offer made as part of negotiation in a contract: He accepted my offer. 5. (insurance) to agree to provide insurance payments if a claim for loss, damages, etc is made: Will your insurance company accept the claim?6. to receive someone/something as adequate or suitable: Will you accept a cheque?

account noun

1.(finance) a statement of money paid or owed for goods or services: Have you kept an account of expenses? 2. (banking) an arrangement with a bank or firm that allows credit for financial and commercial payments: open an account with the bank 3.(commerce) a trader, esp the owner or manager of a shop, who has an arrangement to buy from a particular supplier: the salesman was visiting one of his most important accounts. 4. a spoken or written report: Please give me a detailed account of the meeting. 5. (stock exchange) the period (usually two weeks) during which trading takes place on the stock exchange.

account verb

to explain or give a reason for something: account for all expenses on a business trip.

accounting noun

the work of keeping or checking accounts; accountancy: She works in accounting.

accrual noun

(finance) a gradual and/or automatic increase: the accrual of interest. 2. (accounting) accrued charge.

accumulate verb

to grow through regular additions: My savings are accumulating interest.

active capital noun

(finance) money or items of value (assets) that can be easily converted to money: calculate the amount of active capital.

advance noun

(finance) money paid before it is due, or for work only partially completed; a loan: I asked for an advance on my wages.

advance verb

1. to increase; to move forward: Shares advanced today. 2. to pay something before it is due: Can you advance me ₤100?

adjustment noun

the settlement between an insurance company and the person insured over the amount of a claim: Adjustment has been reached on our claim. 2. the actual amount due to the person insured: The insurance company has paid the adjustment.

allocate verb

to set something aside for a particular purpose; to share or give something: to allocate money for the advertising budget. We have allocated costs equally among all members of the department.

allocation noun

1. the setting aside of money, materials, etc for a particular purpose: plan the most efficient allocation of resources. 2. the amount set aside: We’ve already spent our allocation for the year.

amount noun

a sum or quantity of something: charge the maximum amount of something; repay the money at a fixed monthly amount.

appropriation noun

1. (a) setting aside an amount of money for a particular purpose in the company accounts: Appropriation for advertising has been increased. (b) an instance of this. 2. the money set aside: An appropriation of ₤5 000 has been made for staff training. 3. taking legal possession of money or property, usually if it is not claimed by the owner: The bank had the right to appropriation in the case of unclaimed deposits.

arbitrage noun

the buying and selling of shares, goods, currencies, etc in two different markets at almost the same time to make a profit from price differences: The difference in prices between the two markets was reduced by arbitrage.

asset noun

an item of value belonging to a person or a company, such as a share, a piece of land, a building or a machine, esp if it can be sold to pay a debt: The factory is the most valuable asset.

assignment noun

1. (management) a task or duty that is given to someone: I was sent overseas on a special assignment. 2. (law) the transfer of a legal right to someone: The deed of assignment has been signed. 3. the transfer of the whole or part of the terms of a lease to someone: assignment of a lease to a new tenant.

audit noun

a detailed inspection, usually once a year, of the accounts of an organization by a professionally trained person: carry out an annual audit of the company accounts.

audit verb

to examine the accounts of an organization to check that they are true and correct: The accounts have not yet been audited.

auditor noun

a professionally trained person who examines the accounts of an organization to check that they are true and correct: The auditors were called in to inspect the accounts.

average noun

1. an amount calculated by adding by adding together several figures and dividing by the number of figures added: Add up these prices and find the average. 2. something that is standard or usual: Her qualifications were above average. 3. (insurance/shipping) (a) a loss or damage arising from an event at sea: The ship-owners paid the average. (b) the way that the cost of replacing a ship or cargo damaged at sea is shared between owners and insurers: All marine insurance policies are subject to average.

average verb

to do or amount to something as an average: The pay rises averaged 10% over all.

backwardation noun

a situation that may exist on the futures market when prices for goods that will be delivered in the future are lower than prices for goods that will be delivered immediately.

balance noun

1. (accounting/banking) the difference between the totals of money coming into (credits) and money going out of (debts) an account; the amount needed to make these totals correspond: My bank statement shows a balance of £150. 2. (accounting/banking) the amount of money still owed after some has been paid: We have received your deposit, please send us the balance by the end of the month. 3. (commerce) the remainder of something after part of it has been used or taken: The balance of your order will be supplied when we have new stock.

balance verb

1. to compare the totals of money coming into (credits) and money going out of (debits) an account and calculate the amount needed to make them equal: She spent hours trying to balance the company’s accounts. 2. to show that the difference between the total credits and total debits is the same as the real amount that remains or is lost: Do the books balance?

balanced economy noun

The control of money supply in which the total income is equal to the total expenditure: The government was blamed for not achieving a balanced economy.

balance of payments noun

the difference between the amount of money coming into a country from the goods and services it exports, and the amount of money going out for the goods and services it imports: Britain’s balance of payments is up this month because of increased exports.

balance sheet noun

a document that shows the totals of money received and money paid out by a company and the difference between them: The company’s balance sheet for the end of the year showed a sharp rise in borrowings.

bank account noun

An arrangementwith a bank that allows the customer to pay in and take out money, settle, bills, etc. the bank keeps a record of all these payments (transactions) in the customer’s name: Do you have a bank account?

banknote noun

A piece of paper money issued by a bank: The clerk counted up the used banknotes.

bargain noun

1.(sales) something that is cheaper than usual: These coats are a bargain – they’re being sold at half-price

beneficiary noun

a person who receives something, esp money or property, from a trust or will: My sister was the only beneficiary of my uncle’s will.

benefit noun

1. money that the government gives to people who are ill, disabled or unemployed: Are you entitled to claim benefit? 2. money, goods, etc given to an employee in addition to his/her normal salary: a job with a good salary and a range of benefits.

benefit verb

1. to help or improve something: Better working conditions will benefit the staff. 2. to gain help from or to be helped by something: People in the town have benefited from the new transport system.

bill noun

1. (commerce) a written or printed list of changes or money owed for goods and services: a telephone, an electricity, a gas bill. 2. (banking) (US) banknote 3. (banking/international trade) a bill of exchange 4. (law) (UK) a proposal for a new law to be discussed by parliament: The opposition is trying to stop the bill being passed.

bill verb

to prepare and send out statements of money owed; invoice: Will you bill me for the materials later?

black economy noun

the part of a country’s money supply, trade and industry that is outside legal controls, eg where taxes are not paid, or stolen or illegally imported goods are sold: The true size of the black economy can never be known.

black market noun

a situation of illegal trading in goods, currencies or services: He sells stolen goods on the black market.

bond noun

1. (stock exchange) a document from a government or a company that states that money borrowed from an investor will be repaid. Bond are usually for long-term loans that earn a fixed rate of interest: Government bonds are usually considered to be a safe investment. 2. (law) a legal promise made by one person to another to do or not do something: the document that shows this.

bookkeeping noun

the recording of all money received into and paid out of a company in a book or on a computer file: I do all my own bookkeeping.

brand noun

a product or group of products or a service, with a particular name, that usually forms part of an easily recognizable design on packaging or advertising material: I always buy the same brand of toothpaste.

broker noun

a person or and organization that buys and sells, esp shares or insurance, for others: He works as an insurance broker.

budget noun

1. a plan of income and expenditure for a particular period of time: The financial director is responsible for the firm’s budgets. 2. an amount of money to be spent on particular business activities or equipment: She was given a budget of ₤25 000 to launch the magazine. 3. the Budget (UK) the annual plan of income and expenditure produced by the government: the Budget is announced in April.

budget verb

1. to save or allocate money for a particular period purpose: Business is bad so we’ll have to budget carefully. 2. to make a plan of future income and expenditures foe a particular period of time: The company budgeted for a 5% increase in sales.

capital noun

1. the total value of the land, buildings, machinery, etc belonging to a business less the sum of any debts it has: The company has grown rapidly but needs more capital to obtain further growth. 2. money that is used to start a business: They set up in business with a starting capital of ₤200 000. 3. money that is lent or borrowed with interest charged on it: How much capital do you need to borrow? 4. (economics) wealth which can be used to produce further wealth: the free movement of goods, labour and capital.

capital account noun

A record of the amount of money a company spends on land, buildings, machinery, etc: The capital account shows that the company invested heavily in new machine tools.

capital investment noun

Spending money on items needed to produce goods in the future, eg machinery, factories, etc; the money invested in this way: an initial capital investment of £66 million.

captive market noun

A situation where buyers have no choice of goods or have to deal with only one seller: The water company which supplies the region, having no competitors, enjoys a captive market.

cash noun

1. money in the form of banknotes and coins: Small amounts are usually paid in cash rather than by cheque. 2. money or finance generally, esp if it is immediately available: The company is short of cash at the moment.

cash verb

to exchange a cheque or money order for banknotes and coins: cash traveler’s cheques on foliday

centralization noun

the control of all the parts of an organization by the staff of one main office, where all major decisions are made: The company is moving towards greater centralization with a head office in London.

certificate noun

A written or printed paper issued by an authority as proof of something: She received a certificate to show that she had attended the training course.

cheque noun

a special printed form filled in and signed by a person (the drawer) asking a bank (the drawee) to pay a sum of money to someone (the payee): The electricity bill may be paid in cash or buy cheque.

collateral noun

property or an item of value (an asset) that can be claimed by a person, bank or other organization if a loan is not repaid: The bank is holding the deeds of our house as collateral for the loan.

commerce noun

the buying and selling of goods and services between people, businesses and countries and the activities of banks, insurers and other organizations that contribute to this: The growth of commerce between member states in the Community is remarkable.

cost noun

1. (commerce) the amount of money paid or sharged for goods or services: The machine was repaired at a total cost of ₤500. 2. (finance) the amount of money spent on running a business or part of it: We had to increase prices this year just to cover our costs.

cost verb

1. to be the price of something: Local telephone calls cost 5p per minute. 2. to result in the loss of something: His inefficiency will cost him his job. 3. (commerce) to calculate or set the price for goods or services: We’ve planned the research and now we must cost it.

crash noun

1. (stock exchange) a loss of confidence by investors in a stock market or in investment generally, resulting in a big and sudden fall in share prices: the Wall Street crash. 2. (computing) a breakdown in a computer system.

crash verb

1. (stock exchange) (of a stock market) to suffer a large and sudden loss of value: The stock market crashed in October 1987. 2. (banking) (of a bank) to fail suddenly: The international bank has crashed, with enormous debts and thousands of angry depositors. 3.(computing) to stop working suddenly and completely: Using too many programs at once may cause the system to crash.

credit noun

1. (commerce) an arrangement where goods and services can be received now and paid for later, within an agreed period: Buy now on credit on credit and pay later! 2. (banking) a sum of money paid into a bank account: The bank statement shows several credits to the accounts. 3. (accounting) a sum of money gained to a business, shown on the right-hand side of a list of accounts: The account doesn’t balance because a credit has been wrongly entered in the books.

credit verb

to record the payment of a sum of money into an account: Please acknowledge receipt of the enclosed cheque and credit our account accordingly.

currency noun

1. the coins and banknotes that belong to a particular country: The tourist changed traveller’s cheque into local currency. 2. coins, banknotes, cheques, bills of exchange, promissory notes, etc that have financial value and can be exchanged for goods: these old coins are no longer accepted as valid currency. 3. the period of time that can pass before a bill of exchange becomes payable: This bill of exchange has a 60-day currency.

debit noun

1. (banking) a record of money paid out of a bank account or still owed by an account holder: The cheques issued have been cashed and the amounts now appear as debits in the statement of account. 2. (accounting) a sum of money paid or owed by a business, shown on the left-hand side of a list of accounts: add up the debts in the left-hand column.

debit verb

to record in an account a sum of money paid out or still owed: Bank charges for handling the transaction have been debited to the account.

debt noun

1. money owed by one person or an organization to another: It took him years to pay off all his debts. 2. owing money, esp when you cannot pay: The firm was hit by the recession and soon ran into debt.

deficit noun

the amount by which expenditure is greater than income over a particular period: Last year’s sales figures show a deficit of ₤2.2 million.

deflation noun

A reduction in the amount of money circulating in a country’s economy, so that prices fall or remain steady: The government introduced a policy of deflation.

demand noun

1. (commerce) a firm request for payment: The customer was sent a demand for immediate payment of the bill. 2. (economics) the desire of consumers to obtain goods and services: Factory workers are working overtime to keep up with demand. 3. Market demand the desire of consumers to obtain goods and services of a particular kind or in a particular area: The market demand for a product is affected by its price.

demand verb

1. to ask for something forcefully: The workers demanded higher wages. 2. to need or require something: The work is highly skilled and demands long training.

deposit noun

1. (banking) a sum of money paid into a bank or savings account: make a regular deposit of ₤ 100 per month 2. (finance) a payment of a part of a larger sum to be paid later, esp to prevent the goods being sold to someone else: pay a 10% deposit to secure the goods 3. a sum of money paid when borrowing or hiring something and given back if the item is returned undamaged: He returned the hired car and claimed back his deposit.

deposit verb

to put money, securities or valuables into a bank for safety: The money was deposited with a building society.

depreciation noun

1. (finance/banking) a fall in the value of a country’s currency: The dollar suffered a 5% depreciation against the pound. 2. (accounting) a gradual loss in the value of something, such as vehicle, a machine or any asset that wears out with use and age: allow for depreciation when calculating the value of the equipment.

economic adjective

1. cheap: It is more economic to transport a full lorry load. 2.of an economy; of producing, distributing and using goods: The country is in a state of economic crisis. 3. of the science of economics: We value his knowledge of economic theory.

economic growth noun

the rate of increase of the money received by a country from industry and trade. It is usually measured by dividing the gross national product by the number of people in the country: The country has maintained a high level of economic growth.

economize verb

to save money, time, resources, etc; to spend less that before: We must economize on fuel.

economy noun

1. the economy a country’s money supply, trade and industry: The government is attemping to reduce inflation and strengthen the economy. 2. the control and management of money, resources, etc of an organization, a society, a country, etc: an industrial, a rural, a market economy 3. the act of saving money, time, resources: We will have to practice a little economy if we are to survive the recession.

economy drive noun

an organized effort to save money, time and resources: Cutting back on advertising is all part of the economy drive.

economy measure noun

an action taken to save money, time or resources: We need to introduce some economy measures in this department.

enterprise noun

1. a company or business project: start up new enterprise 2. the courage and willingness to undertake business projects: She has great enterprise and is sure to make the business work. 3. business activity: an economy based on free enterprise, ie companies owned by people rather than the state

equity noun

the part of a company’s money that is raised by selling ordinary shares: The company is planning to issue more equity.

equity capital noun

the part of a company’s money owned by shareholders, who have the right to a share in the company’s profits and to any other assets if the company is closed down: The company wants to attract more equity capital from investors.

exchange noun

1.(a) giving or receiving something in return for something else; (b) an instance of this: We had a useful exchange of views. 2. (stock exchange) a place where goods and services are traded: futures are traded on the commodity exchange.

exchange verb

1. to give or receive goods, money, etc in return for something of the same value: Sale goods cannot be exchanged. 2. to give something and receive something (from another person) in return: The sales conference is a good place to exchange information. 3. (banking) to change one currency for another: They exchanged their dollars for pounds.

expenditure noun

1. action of spending money or using time and resources: Expenditure on heat and lighting was too light last year. 2. an amount of money spent: Updating these machines will increase our expenditure this year.

expenses noun

1.sums of money spent by a company on goods and services that do not become part of a company’s assets, eg rent, wages, insurance, etc: We earn enough to cover our fixed expenses, but have nothing left to invest in new machinery. 2. money spent by an employee while doing his/her job and later paid by the employer: Your salary will be ₤25 000 plus expenses.

fee noun

an amount paid for a professional service or advice: How much is the fee?

finance noun

1. money as a resource for business and other activities: The company agreed to provide finance for the purchase of the property. 2. the management of money for business and other activities: Finance can be arranged for fist-time home buyers. 3. finances money available to a person, an organization or a country: Are the company’s finances sound?

finance verb

to obtain or supply money for a business or other activity: The oil deal was financed by 12 international banks.

financial instrument noun

any stock, share, money or other financial security: In the city there are banks which trade in all types of financial instruments.

financial investment noun

buying shares, securities, etc to make a profit in the form of interest or dividends or by selling them again at a higher price; the item bought in this way: a financial investment worth £5000.

foreign exchange noun

money in a foreign currency: The country earns one third of its foreign exchange form the sale of grain.

fund noun

1. money or assets collected for a specific purpose. The money is usually invested to provide further income: contribute towards a pension fund. 2. funds money; financial resources: The company is short of funds at the moment.

fund verb

to provide money for a specific purpose: The company will fund a new training programme.

futures noun

goods, currency or securities that will be supplied or exchanged on an agreed future date and for a price fixed in advance: trade in futures.

goodwill noun

items such as knowledge, contacts or reputation that can have a financial effect on a business and are therefore measured in financial terms: Much of the cost was written off as goodwill.

gross domestic product noun

the annual total value of goods produced and services provided by a country: In 1990 gross domestic product rose by 7%.

gross national product noun

the annual total value of goods produced and services provided by a country, plus the total income form abroad: Foreign investment produces about 5% of the gross national product.

income noun

money in the form of wages or a salary or profit received from work done, or as interest from money invested or as rent from property owned: Tax is payable on all income over £2000.

indexation noun

the policy of connecting income with an index such as the retail price index to combat inflation: Civil Service pensions are calculated by indexation.

inflation noun

the rise in prices resulting from an increase in demand for goods and services (which may be connected with an increase in the money supply): The government is trying to control inflation.

insurance noun

1. a method of guarding against injury, loss or damage to property by paying a sum of money to an insurance company that agrees to provide money to repair or replace the property in the case of a fire, theft, etc: take out insurance on a house. 2. the business of providing insurance: He works in insurance. 3. the payment made to or by an insurance company: After the car accident she received £5000 in insurance.

interest noun

1. an amount charged for money borrowed: Most major banks charge the same rate of interest. 2. an amount paid in return for money invested: My building society pays 13% interest. 3. a right in or over land or property or a company: hold an interest in agriculture land.

internal adjective

inside a country, an area, a region, etc: We are getting more internal competition for our products.

invest verb

to but property, shares, securities, etc to sell again to make a profit or to receive money in the form of interest: He invested in government bonds because they are considered safe.

investment noun

1. the purchase of materials, machines, etc to produce goods to sell: This new computer system is a major investment for us. 2. the purchase of property, shares, securities, etc to sell again to make a profit or to receive money in the form of interest or dividends: These oil shares were a good investment. 3. the money invested: an investment of ₤3 000/ a ₤3000 investment.

issue noun

1. the raising of long-term capital in a company by selling shares to existing shareholders or at an arranged price to selected investors or to the public: The new share issue proved very popular. 2. the number of shares that a company offers for sale to the public at any one time: The issue was divided into shares of ₤2.40 each.

issue verb

to give or supply something to someone; to make something available: Visas can only be issued between 9am and 4pm.

lend verb

to give someone a sum of money on the understanding that it will be paid back with interest after a fixed period: The bank agreed to lend her the money.

liability noun

1. (law/finance) the responsibility to settle a debt or make good a loss or damage: The company has accepted liability for the damage to the cargo. 2. (law/finance) liabilities money owed by a company; a debt: The company does not have enough money to meet its liabilities. 3. (management) a person or thing that brings loss rather than gain: An unhappy workforce is a liability.

licence noun

an official document showing that official permission has been given to own, do or use something: The trademark may only be used under licence.

liquidity noun

1. (finance) of assets that are easily turned into cash: The liquidity of the company’s assets is a bonus. 2. (finance/accounting) the availability of a company’s cash: We have a problem with the company’s low liquidity.

loan noun

something lent, usually money, on the condition it will be paid back after an agreed period with interest: pay interest on a loan.

loan verb

to give someone a sum of money on the understanding that it will be paid back with interest after a fixed period: The bank will loan me the necessary capital.

loss noun

1. (accounting/finance) money lost in a business deal; a financial deficit: The travel company reported a loss of 4.4 million. 2. a person or a thing lost; the act of losing something: The factory closed down with a loss of 500 jobs. 3. (insurance) damaged or stolen property for which the cost of replacing it is paid by an insurance company: The marine insurance covers loss or damage due to storms or collision.

management noun

1. (management) the control or organization of people, a business, a department of a firm, a project or a process: The fall in profits was a result of a bad management. 2. (management) the people who control a company: The management has/have decided to expand the firm.

manager noun

a person who is employed to control, organize and direct part or all of a business or organization: The company has taken on a new marketing manager.

margin noun

1. (retail) the difference between the cost price and the selling price of goods: Margins are high because 30% of sales are the company’s own brands. 2. (stock exchange) the difference the buying and selling price of a security: The market maker placed a large margin on the securities. 3. (finance) the difference between the rate at which money is borrowed by a finance house and the rate at which it is lent to a customer: a high margin of interest on a car loan. 4. (stock exchange) money or securities left with a stockbroker to cover any losses made by a client: The broker asked the client to increase the margin on a high-risk deal.

market noun

1. a gathering of people for buying and selling; the place where they meet 2. business or trade in the specified item: We have cornered the British computer market. 3. the area, country, section of the population, etc to which goods may be sold 4. the market buyers and sellers: The market determines what goods are made. 5. the actual or potential demand for a product: There’s a good market for agricultural machinery here. 6. the state of trade: a rising, falling, expanding market.

market verb

to sell or promote product: The product is being marketed throughout Europe.

marketing noun

the actions of identifying and increasing the buyer’s demand for a company’s product; part of a company that deals with this: How much we need to spend on marketing?

market-oriented adjective

of a company that produces goods that it knows will sell because buyers have said that they need them: We need to be more market-oriented.

market price noun

the price of raw material, product, service, security, etc that is charged in a free or competitive market, without a reduction or discount: He was forced to sell below the current market price to make a quick sale.

mature verb

to become due for payment: My insurance policy has matured.

maturity noun

the date on which a bill of exchange, promissory note, insurance policy, debenture or loan stock becomes due for payment or repayment: The promissory note has passed its maturity.

mixed economy noun

an economy in which some industries are owned by the state and others are owned by individuals and groups of people: The country appears to have prospered under a mixed economy.

monetary policy noun

the way in which governments control the economic conditions of a country by increasing or reducing the money supply: The government’s aim was to keep monetary policy tight.

monetary system noun

the system used by a country to provide money for public and private use and to control the exchange of its own currency with those of foreign countries: introduce major changes in the monetary system.

money market noun

(UK) 1. the market in which short-term loans are arranged between banks, the government, discount houses and accepting houses. The main items of exchange are bills of exchange, treasury bills and trade bills: Money market rates strengthened as a result of the election. 2. the foreign exchange market: Despite the weakness of sterling, money market rates remained fixed at just over 15%.

money noun

a means of payment, esp coins and bank notes given and accepted in buying and selling: Our central aim is to make money.

offshore adjective

1. (industry) at sea, not far from land: an offshore oil company. 2. (finance) (of banks, investment companies, etc) based or registered abroad, usually to avoid tax laws: keep money in an offshore bank account.

open market noun

a situation where there are few or no trading restrictions and prices depend on the amount of goods and the number of buyers available: Coal prices on the open market are low because of the large amount of coal available.

option noun

the right to buy or sell a fixed quantity of a commodity, currency or security on a particular date at a particular price: Options on securities are traded on the International Stock Exchange.

parity noun

the state of being equal; equality: The women working at the factory demanded parity wth the men.

patent noun

an official document that gives the holder the sole right to make, use or sell an invention and prevents others from copying it, usually for a fixed period: The first hovercraft was patented in 1955.

perfect market noun

a situation in which there are enough buyers and sellers to prevent prices being controlled by one person or organization and in which companies compete for maximum profit with few government restrictions: A perfect market rarely exists in real life.

performance noun

1. doing something: Care must be taken in the performance of these tasks. 2. the way something is done, esp how skillfully or efficiently it is done: Managers are responsible for the performance of their staff.

placement noun

1. finding and placing somebody in a job: Students are given work placements with major engineering companies as part of their course. 2. (stock exchange) a method of selling new shares in a company by offering them to selected individuals or organizations who are able to buy in large amounts.

policy noun

a plan of action or statement of ideas: The shareholders met to discuss policy.

price noun

the amount of money for which something can be bought or sold: The price for these goods is too high. What is the price of petrol now?

price verb

1. to fix the price of something: These goods are prices too high. 2. to mark the price on goods in a shop: The shop assistant priced the goods before putting them on the shelves.

produce noun

food, etc that s grown on a farm and sold: Many farmers sell their produce directly from the farm.

produce verb

to make, grow or provide something: The mine produces 180000 tonnes of copper per year.

producer noun

A person, organization or country that makes or grows something: This country is a major producer of steel.

production noun

1. the activity of making or growing something: We must keep the cost of production as low as possible. 2. the amount of something that is made or grown: These new machines will help us to increase production.

profit noun

1. the money gained in abusiness deal, esp the difference between the amount earned and the amount spen: We make a profit of 50p on each book we sell. 2. financial gain: Should public transport be run for profit?

profit verb

to make a financial gain: Building societies profit from the interest they charge on loans.

quotation noun

1. (commerce) a price given for work to be done or a service to be provided 2. (stock exchange) the right to have shares that can be bought and sold listed on a recognized stock exchange: The new company obtained a quotation on the stock market; a quoted price.

quote verb

1. (commerce) to calculate a price for something: Please quote a price for updating this computer system. 2. (stock exchange) (a) to record the name of a company on a stock exchange so that its shares can be bought and sold: After five years of trading, the company is now quoted on the stock exchange. (b) to give a price for a security on the official list of a stock exchange: ordinary shares quoted on the stock exchange at the 55p a share.

quote noun

a price given for work to be done or a service to be provided: Please give me a quote for repairing the car.

rate noun

1. an amount charged or paid for work done or services provided: Our rate of charges for yan hire is enclosed. 2. (insurance) a measure of an amount, a value or a cost: a rise in the rate of inflation from 6% to 7%.

rating noun

1. (advertising) the estimated audience of a television or radio programme. The rating figure is used to price and promote advertising time. 2.(insurance) the cost of an insurance premium based on the risk of loss: It is an area with a high rating because there is so much car theft.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-29