Exercise 34. Here are some more phrases. Sort them under the correct heading

Exercise 29. Compound words can be a combination of two nouns or an adjective and a noun. In such constructions the last word (a noun) is described by the words before it. Make compounds (they appeared in the text) using words from boxes A and B, and use them to complete the sentences below.

Exercise 28. The sentences below illustrate different meanings of the words from exercise 27. Read them and decide which meaning in ex. 27 they refer to. The first sentence has been done as an example.

example:

The place has rapidly developed from a small fishing community into a busy tourist resort. [a]

1. They have a natural spring water supply.

2. The college dates back to medieval times.

3. He couldn’t get his engine started so he left the car at home.

4. I had the film developed yesterday.

5. He was born in the spring of 1944.

6. This is the British Rail’s latest high-speed engine.

7. The site is being developed by a French Company.

8. The skeleton has been dated at about 2000 BC.

9. She is making good progress with her German.

10. Her son developed asthma when he was two.

11. She’s been dating Ron for several months.

12. The children broke some springs jumping on the bed.

13. A lot of people were watching the ship’s slow progress across the harbour.

14. Thank you for your letter dated 24^th March.

A

traffic, macadam, passenger, sleeping, air (2x), rapid, automatic, steam

B

highway, transit, coupler, conditioning, train, regulation, accomodation, engine, brake

example:

Examples of heavy rapid transit are subways and elevated railways, or combinations of the two, such as the systems in Chicago, New York, London, Moscow and Paris.

1. In order to operate cars in trains (join and separate them), an ________ _________ is widely used, especially in the United States, China and Russia.

2. The problem of how to stop long trains quickly, smoothly, and safely was not solved until the invention of the straight _______ ________ by George Westinghouse in 1869.

3. The American and the Ten-Wheeler were the common ancestors of all locomotives. They were used as both freight and ________ ________.

4. The world’s first railway along which passengers travelled on _______ _________ was opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington in north-east England.

5. The first ________ _______ on record was issued by Charles I. It limited the number of coaches in London.

6. All these luxurious cars have the ________ ________ system built in.

7. This train provides ________ ________ for up to 100 passengers in its sleeping carriages.

8. ________ _______ are covered with the pavement which consists of layers of stones held together by spraying them with water, asphalt, or tar. It’s called after the Scottish engineer John Loudon Mcadam.

Exercise 30. Decide which answer: A, B, C or D best fits each space.

A hundred years ago, most people travelled (1) … B – on … foot, by train, or on horseback. (2) ………. had made it possible to travel fast over long distances. Bicycles were also becoming (3) ……………, after the invention of the air-filled (4) ……….., which made cycling much more comfortable. Buses, trams and (5) ……….. railways had already been invented, and cities all over the world already had traffic (6) ……….. There were very few private cars, and city (7) ………. were still full of horses. What difference a hundred years have (8) ………..! (9) ……… we have got (10) ……….. to the problem of private cars, and some cities are so noisy and (11) ……… that in many places (12) ……….. have been banned from the city centre. How will we be travelling in a hundred years’ time? Perhaps (13) ……….. then there will be only personal helicopters. There may be no need to (14) ………. to work or school in the future, since everyone will have a computer at home.

1. A. by	B. on	C. with	D. to
2. A. tracks	B. lines	C. ways	D. railways
3. A. popular	B. invented	C. then	D. handlebars
4. A. boot	B. brake	C. tyre	D. engine
5. A. metro	B. buried	C. undeground	D. submerged
6. A. blocks	B. sticks	C. knots	D. jams
7. A. streets	B. pavements	C. lawns	D. carts
8. A. taken	B. done	C. made	D. got
9. A. presently	B. nowadays	C. then	D. later
10. A. more	B. them	C. motorisrs	D. used
11. A. even	B. polluted	C. so	D. flat
12. A. vehicles	B. traffic	C. transport	D. trip
13. A. cars	B. by	C. even	D. transport
14. A. have	B. transport	C. decide	D. commute

3.

Exercise 31. Make a list of all the different factors that would influence your choice of transport method for a shipment. Complete the diagram below.

Exercise 32. Listen to the telephone dialogue and answer the questions.

1. What are the two different rail transport options?

2. When do they want to ship?

3. Where will the shipment go?

4. Which train option is recommended for large volume shipments?

5. What would make transport cheaper?

6. How much time will they have for loading the rail wagons?

Exercise 33. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Then listen again to check.

if you like, recommend, an alternative, could you, how much, also consider, calling about, would be, more suitable, suggest that

1. I’m __________ the train options described on your website.

2. __________ tell me a bit more about them?

3. What ___________ the best rail option for us?

4. For large volumes, I would __________ using block train transport.

5. If you want to ship quantities, the single-wagon option would be _________.

6. If flexibility is important, I would _________ you book the flexitrain block train option.

7. As ________, I can suggest single-car transport, which is even more flexible.

8. In that case we should _________ the other block train options.

9. __________ time would we have for loading?

MAKING ENQUIRIES When asking for information we always use polite language. We often start with a more general request for information before we ask more specific questions. Indirect questions such as Could you tell me how much it would cost? are more polite than direct questions e.g. How much would it cost? I’d like to ask/enquire about … I’m calling about … (on the telephone) I’m writing about/with regard to … (in an email or letter) Could you tell me how much/many/long often …?

ADVISING THE CUSTOMER Customers may need advice on transport options, freight and insurance rates, shipping and packing details, the route, details regarding weight, dimensions, and measurements. For this consignment I would recommend/suggest using air transport. I recommend/suggest that you ship the goods by road. We/You should also consider air transport for …. That depends on your specific requirements.

OFFERING ALTERNATIVES Sometimes you need to provide the customer with several alternatives before a decision can be made. Another option would be to …. Of course it would also be possible to … (instead). Alternatively, you/we could …

A Customer enquiries	B Advice and recommendations	C Offering alternatives

I (would) need some information regarding …

In that case I recommend/suggest that you use/ship …

I think the best option would be to …

If you prefer …, we could also arrange …

Could you let me have some information about …?

We can provide/arrange/ship … if you like.

As an alternative, we can offer you …

What would be the cheapest/fastest/safest/most convenient way/option?

Exercise 35. Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–6) with the endings (a–f).

1. I would need some information

2. Could you let me know

3. In that case I suggest that you

4. For a consignment this size I

5. Of course it would also be

6. We can also arrange transport

a would recommend rail transport.

b by counter if you prefer.

c regarding loading times.

d what the transit times are?

e possible to ship by express service instead.

f use the cheaper sea freight option.

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