Контрольная работа n 3 1 страница

1. Времена группы Perfect (действительный залог).

2. Времена группы Perfect (страдательный залог).

3. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

4. Бессоюзное подчинение придаточных предложений.

5. Повелительное наклонение.

6. Условные предложения.

7. Многозначность as, since, for, too.

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We knew that as a girl she had lived in the country.

2. I'm afraid he will have posted the letter by the time we come. We can't prevent it.

3. I have been uneasy all the afternoon about what they must think of us.

4. She saw at once that nothing had been touched.

5. What has been done this summer cannot have been done in vain.

6. The business has been taken over by a new company.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. It was a pity that she was ill and could not go.

2. I think, when I'm twenty-five, then I may get control of money.

3. He looked sixty, but I knew he must be much less than that.

4. You saw me, and I had to tell you what had happened.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение придаточных предложений.

1. Will you show me the new books you've bought?

2. The flat they lived in was not very imposing, but it was quiet and well located. I think he has made a mistake in his calculations.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод повелительного наклонения.

1. Show me your passport, please.

2. Don't make so much noise.

3. Let's tell somebody what happened.

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. Perhaps, it would have been better for me if my father's will had prevailed and I were now but an honest carpenter.

2. He was a stranger to George and he was aware that if he met him in the street he would not recognize him.

3. The trip to town will take half an hour if there is no traffic delay.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая различные значения слов as, since, for, too.

1. She was trying to open her bag as she walked by Annabel's side along the corridor, talking.

2. And since you've been here, everything has certainly been worse than it's ever been.

3. I haven't closed my eyes for forty-eight hours.

4. He has come too late.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Переведите письменно пятый абзац текста.

Where Will We Put the Heat?

Every time you turn on a light or the toaster or television, you also turn on hot water. The electricity you use comes from an electric power plant. In making electricity there is usually a lot of waste heat. The easiest way to get rid of the waste heat is in water, so most power plants are built near lakes or rivers. They take in cold water to cool the machinery and put back water that is 10 to 20 degrees warmer. So you turn on the hot water from your power plant every time you use electricity.

Sometimes heat is needed and valuable. It warms our homes in winter, for example. But so far no one has learned to use the heat from power plants. Usually it is not hot enough to heat homes, schools, and other buildings. But it is a lot of waste in one place, and that is what the word pollution means. So people are becoming worried about waste heat or thermal pollution.

Here are some things that may happen when you turn on the hot water in a lake or river. An increase in temperature causes a fish's life to speed up - it is more active, it needs more food, it grows faster. If water is warmed 10 degrees, a fish needs twice as much oxygen as before. But as water heats up, it holds less oxygen. So a fish may die from lack of oxygen, a gas needed by nearly all living things. Thermal pollution is especially bad for trout and salmon, which need cold water that is rich in oxygen.

Thermal pollution may cause fish to lay their eggs before they should, or keep fish eggs from hatching. It аlso helps the growth of bacteria and other organisms that cause fish diseases. Thermal pollution speeds the growth of algae and water weeds, too.

A few years ago there was so little thermal pollution that no one worried about it. But people are using more and more elec­tricity, and many power plants are being built. Many of the new ones use nuclear power. They produce even more waste heat than power plants that burn coal or oil.

A big nuclear plant needs 850,000 gallons of water a minute for cooling. This water then pours back into a river or lake, about 15 degrees warmer than before. That is a lot of hot water to put in one spot. But the troubles caused by thermal pollution may have only begun. About fifty nuclear plants are now working. Many more are being built or planned, and they may be operating by the end of the century. If we were to cool them the way we do now, it would take a third of all the water flowing in the United States just for cooling power plants.

One thing is certain: great amounts of heat will be produced by power plants in the future. The heat does not have to kill life in rivers and lakes. To prevent this, we can do several things. We can find ways to use less electricity. We can design and build power plants that are less wasteful than the ones used now. We can find new uses for waste heat. And we can build cooling towers that release the heat into the air. If we don't do all of these things, we will really be in hot water.

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы.

1. Why are most power plants built near lakes or rivers? 2. Is heat from power plants hot enough to heat homes? 3. What water do trout and salmon need? 4. Does thermal pollution help the growth of bacteria and algae? 5. What must we do to prevent thermal pollution?

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждой из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They had washed him and he had not come out of his coma.

2. Why has he come here?

3. By this time tomorrow he will have completed his work.

4. The article has been often referred to.

5. The proposal has not been approved of.

6. He was an outstanding person and had been always spoken about with admiration.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They will have to stay for the time being.

2. "I can do it," he said softly.

3. One day the people of the world may develop a real world government.

4. We must walk fast to get to the station.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение придаточных предложений.

1. They called us up the day they arrived.

2. I placed an order for the monograph the professor was referring to in his yesterday's lecture.

3. He probably didn't know the book had been published.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод повелительного наклонения.

1. Don't let him do it!

2. Open the window, please.

3. Let them go there!

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. Не won't finish his work in time, unless he works hard.

2. If he were here, he would help us.

3. They would not have caught cold if they had put on warm coats.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая различные значения слов as, since, for, too.

1. As I was coming here, I met your brother.

2. Since the documents haven't arrived, we cannot load the goods.

3. Themanager will be there too.

4. He walked quickly for he was in a great hurry.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите тексты. Переведите письменно текст Noise Pollution.

The Attack on Britain's Environment

Most of the Western nations have the same basic environmental problems, but they take different forms in each country. Here you can read about some of the dangers facing Britain's environment.

Air Pollution

One of Britain's environmental successes has been the control of air pollution, especially in London. Thirty years ago hundreds of people died every year from the dreadful London smogs. Since then London and some other cities have become "smokeless zones", areas where no coal fires are allowed. But now the increase in traffic is threatening serious air pollution in our cities again.

Noise Pollution

Traffic and aircraft can cause serious noise pollution. Aircraft are very noisy when they take off and the noise spreads over a wide area. Heathrow airport, near London, is one of the busiest airports in the world. Planes are only allowed to take off and land at Heathrow between six in the morning and eleven at night, but during the day fifty planes take off and land there every hour.

Water Pollution

There has been bad pollution of Britain's rivers, and the government has tried to stop it. There are now strict laws against water pollution, though it still quite often happens accidentally. Britain and France share the problem of oil pollution from the Channel. This has caused great damage to beaches and wildlife.

Cars and Roads

The need for new roads causes great environmental difficul­ties. They often spoil the countryside and bring noise and air pollution to thousands of homes. Since 1958 the population of Britain has increased by 11 per cent, but the number of cars has increased by 400 per cent.

Cars cause other problems too: thousands of people die in car accidents; car parks use valuable space in towns and cities; cars use a lot of our limited amount of oil.

Friends of the Earth suggest that the bicycle is the best way to travel because it's cheap, quiet and riding it keeps you healthy. However, there are far fewer cyclists in Britain than in some other European countries, so our roads aren't built for cycling. It can be dangerous to cycle in large cities as British motorists don't seem to notice cyclists. Some people think that only buses and bicycles should be allowed in our city centres.

Do You Know …

... that there are some parts of the Sahara Desert on which rain never falls. Though clouds pass over these parts, and raindrops really fall, the water itself never reaches the ground. The heat of the desert air turns the raindrops, as they fall, back into vapour.

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. What dangers face Britain's environment? 2. Does London control air pollution? 3. Why did hundreds of people die 30 years ago? 4. What can cause serious noise pollution? 5. Do Britain and France share oil pollution?

ВАРИАНТ 3

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Has the secretary come?

2. They hadn't yet loaded the goods when they received our telegram.

3. We have built hundreds of new houses in Ufa.

4. The ship has been unloaded.

5. The house will have been built by January.

6. The goods have just been examined by the customs.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Не could speak English when he was a boy.

2. He may know her address.

3. You must consult a doctor.

4. They needn't have sent the telegram.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессозное подчинение придаточных предложений.

1. The house they bought cost a great deal.

2. That was the most extraordinary thing I have ever seen.

3. I'm sure he will come if you call him.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод повелительного наклонения.

1. Put the dictionary on the desk.

2. Do come to see us tonight.

3. Let them check the goods.

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. If she is here, she is probably working in the library.

2. If I were you, I would take your manager's advice.

3. If they were ecologists, they would do their best to protect the nature.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая различные значения слов аs, since, for, too.

1. As I haven't read the book, I can't tell you anything about it.

2. Since then her health has never been restored.

3. There are too many mistakes in the documents.

4. The water was too cold for us to bathe.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите тексты. Переведите письменно предпоследний абзац текста Survival Code.

Survival Code

Concerned about pollution? Then start depolluting... If you're thinking of buying a metal antipollution badge, don't! Metal badges are indestructible.

The world's water supply is limited. If too much water is used, it has to be recycled quickly - too quickly to be properly purified.

Cars are major polluters. Better for others if you walk or bike: better for you too.

Stop smoking! It hurts you and those around you.

Be critical of supersonic transport. (Remember there is such thing as noise pollution.) Is Concorde really necessary?

Fight litter and litterbugs. Next time you see someone drop a sweet-wrapper or an empty matchbox, pick it up and hand it back to him politely.

If you use only as much detergent as recommended by the manufacturer on the packet, pollution of rivers and lakes would drop by 40%.

Be container-conscious: if you can't destroy it, or give it back, don't buy it. What happens to non-returnable glass bottles? And what happens to PVC bottles (washing-up liquids, shampoos, etc.)? They can't be burnt, as PVC (polyvinil chloride) then gives off deadly hydrochloric acid.

Have you ever wondered why you're tired - even after a good night's sleep? The chances are that though you weren't disturbed by noise in the night, your dreams were and this, doctors say, is harmful. Keep your radio and record player turned down at night and maybe your neighbours will follow your example.

These are just a few ideas on how to survive. How many more can you think of?

Do You Know...

... that grey snow fell in Japan, and black snow fell in France? We say "as white as snow", but on January 31, 1925, the Japanese, and on October 6, 1926, the French laughed, repeating this expression. For on the first date, snow fell in Japan and it was grey; and on the second date, snow fell in France and it was black!

The Japanese scientists explained that the event was due to mixture of snow and ashes from nearby volcanoes.

The French, however, could not offer any explanation. They just looked at the snow and shrugged their shoulders.

Believe It or Not

A snowstorm in August? No, it was raining mashed potato. Yes, truly! In August 1973 King's Lynn Norfolk was hit by what people thought was a freak snowstorm until they discovered the flakes didn't melt. A machine in a local factory making instant potato had gone wrong. Fifty tons of instant potato had gone up in the air: then it rained, and the moisture brought the potato down, turned back into mashed potato!

Shower?

Have you ever heard of it raining diamonds? It sounds impossible. Nevertheless a shower of diamonds fell from the sky and dropped in Western Australia a few years ago.

"Shower" is perhaps the wrong word, for the diamonds didn't fall separately. They came firmly embedded in a large, solid chunk of rock but they were diamonds all right, and exactly similar to those found in diamond mines on earth. But the most curious thing about them is that they didn't come from another planet, but were actually made in outer space! A meteorite travelling at terrific speed on its way to earth collided with some other body, and the tremendous pressure that followed turned the carbon in it to diamonds!

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. Is the world's water supply limited? 2. What happened in Japan on January 31, 1925? 3. How did the Japanese scientists explain the phenomenon? 4. Could the French scientists explain the phenomenon? 5. Where did the shower of diamonds fall?

ВАРИАНТ 4

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I have found the book for which I was looking.

2. Mr. Petrov has been appointed chief engineer of our plant.

3. What English books have you read this term?

4. A great number of new shops will have been opened in the town by the end of the year.

5. After she had tried all the keys, she finally found the right one.

6. The manager returned before the typist had typed all the letters.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Не said that he could ship the goods in April.

2. I may come and see you next summer, but my plans are not fixed.

3. They must have missed the train.

4. You shouldn't smoke so much.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение придаточных предложений.

1. This is the worst car I ever had.

2. The man you told me about called in the morning.

3. I'm sure the doctor won't advise you to go to the South in July.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод повелительного наклонения.

1. Let her open the door.

2. Don't touch this plug!

3. Fetch me a book, won't you?

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. I shall be very grateful to you if you can spare me a few minutes.

2. It wouldn't have happened if you had been there. 3. If this watch were smaller, I should buy it.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая различные значения слов as, since, for, too.

l. I'll do it as you told me.

2. I have been thinking of your decision since we parted.

3. He drank some of the wine and ate several chunks of bread while he was waiting for his dinner to come up.

4. He plays the piano, and he sings, too.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите тексты. Переведите письменно последний абзац текста Fancy That!

Pollution

The British, like many other Europeans are becoming more and more worried about their environment. Here are some of the environmental problems we face:

As the population of large cities like London, Birmingham and Manchester continues to grow, the pollution problems get worse.

The air in many towns and cities has been polluted by traffic and industry. Water pollution has been a serious problem in many British rivers.

High-rise blocks become prisons for the people who live in them.

We waste a great deal of valuable material. Paper, glass, metal and plastic can all be recycled.

The number of cars and lorries is growing all the time. They need bigger, better and more expensive roads, which often ruin the countryside. Traffic in our cities is getting worse and worse.

Fancy That!

It may not rain pennies from heaven, but it has been known to rain red sand!

You've heard the expression "raining cats and dogs", but do you know it actually does rain cats in Ypres, in Belgium? This happens once a year when the inhabitants celebrate the "procession of the cats". After the procession, a shower of cats is released from the top of the belfry upon the people in the marketplace below!

But cat-lovers will be relieved to know that the cats nowadays are made of velvet, although in the old days real live cats were used!

Ever heard of "red rain"? Tales banded down from the Middle Ages told of various occasions when it "rained blood", but these were generally dismissed as "old wives' tales", until in 1901, showers of red-coloured rain fell in Italy and Vienna! A year later the same thing happened in Cornwall. Two years later, red rain fell over the whole of the South of England!

But there was a simple explanation. It was all caused by a red-coloured sand which had been carried up into the clouds by cyclones over the Sahara desert, and then deposited by ordinary rainfall when the clouds passed over other continents. It's Interesting To Know

... that it sometimes rains frogs. Scientists explain the fact in this way. Spawn are sucked up from rivers and lakes into the atmosphere by whirlwinds. The embryos which are very light, are carried through the air for great distances. The spawn hatch on the way and the frogs drop onto the earth.

Do You Know...

... if it is harmful for us to drink rain water.

All the water we drink is rain water. All drinking water has at one time been rain water. The difference between rain water directly collected in cisterns and rain water from springs and wells is mainly a difference in the quantity of mineral salts in it. Rain water directly collected contains almost no mineral salts, while rain that has been in contact with earth contains mineral salts.

Therefore the answer is that it is not harmful to drink rain water though it is more pleasant to drink water which contains mineral salts.

8. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. Do the British worry about their environment? 2. What materials can be recycled? 3. Is it harmful to drink rain water? 4. Does rain water contain mineral salts? 5. Is it more pleasant to drink water with mineral salts?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА N 4

1. Причастие I. Причастие II.

2. Зависимый причастный оборот. Независимый причастный оборот.

3. Герундий. Герундиальный оборот.

4. Инфинитив.

5. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот. Объектный инфинитивный оборот.

6. Многозначность like, both, only.

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них Причастие I и Причастие II, установите функцию каждого причастия, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1. Turning the handle cautiously he looked out.

2. She looked at the boys playing in the yard.

3. The discovery made by him is of great importance.

4. When changed, the article was published.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них зависимый или независимый причастный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Being a foreigner she couldn't get accustomed to it.

2. It being Sunday, the shops were closed.

3. The conference being over, he returned to the office.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них герундий или герундиальный оборот, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Smoking is bad for you.

2. The art of dancing is an ancient one.

3. I hate getting up early.

4. She hurried home on hearing the news of his arrival.

5. We were against Mr. Bond's going to London.

6. We were told of Mr. Taylor arriving next week.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них инфинитив, установите его функцию, т.е. укажите, является ли он подлежащим, частью сказуемого, дополнением, определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. То say is to act.

2. I've got a lot of things to do.

3. I have never learnt to dance.

4. He is too young to understand it.

5. The first thing to do is to let them know.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них субъектный или объектный инфинитивный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We consider her to be a good singer.

2. I would like you to hurry them up.

3. He made me do this work.

4. She is known to speak three languages.

5. The experiment was considered to be dangerous.

6. The problem seems to be very complicated.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов like (alike), both (both... and), only (the only).

1. The rocket stands like a huge silver pencil.

2. We were like brothers now.

3. What pretty girls! And so very much like each other.

4. They are both alike.

5. Both Samarkand and Bukhara are the centres of Uzbek classical architecture.

6. I prefer grey colours only.

7. Being the only child in the family Mark was loved by everybody.

8. Both he and she realized it very well.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Переведите письменно второй абзац текста.

Alfred Nobel

- a Man of Contrasts Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: "Alfred Nobel," he once wrote of himself, "ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life." World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. "I do not see," he once said, "that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it," but since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.

He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in l863, beginning his own study of explosives in his father's laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.

But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because, he could not find ordinary human love - he never married - he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor: "I'd rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials," he once said. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death..

Дата добавления: 2014-12-07