A. Find out whether the statements given below are true (T) or false (F) according to the information in the text. If the statements are false, correct them

Part 3. Read and translate the text 3.

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

A. Answer the questions.

1 How are managers differentiated?

2 Why is it difficult today to distinguish between managers and nonmanagerial employees?

3 Who are managers?

1 Managers do ____________________ work in every country on the globe.

2 The number of women in ______________ manager positions remains low.

3 In the past managers were the _______________ members who told others what to do and how to do it.

4 A manager’s job involves coordinating the work activities of a team with people from different _______________.

WHERE DO MANAGERS WORK?

Managers may run large corporations as well as entrepreneurial start-ups. They’re found in government departments, hospitals, small businesses, not-for-profit agencies, museums, schools, and even such nontraditional organizations as political campaigns and music tours. It’s obvious that managers do their work in organizations. But what is an organization? First, an organization has a distinct purpose. This purpose is typically expressed through goals that the organization hopes to accomplish. Second, each organization is composed of people. It takes people to perform the work that’s necessary for the organization to achieve its goals. Third, all organizations develop some deliberate structure within which members do their work. That structure may be open and flexible, with no specific job duties or strict adherence to explicit job arrangements. For instance, at Google, most big projects, of which there are hundreds going on at the same time, are tackled by small focused employee teams that set up in an instant and complete work just as quickly. Or the structure may be more traditional — like that of Procter & Gamble or General Electric — with clearly defined rules, regulations, job descriptions, and some members identified as “bosses” who have authority over other members.

Many of today’s organizations are structured more like Google, with flexible work arrangements, employee work teams, open communication systems, and supplier alliances. In these organizations, work is defined in terms of tasks to be done. And workdays have no time boundaries since work can — and is — done anywhere, anytime.

1. Managers are those who run only big business. ()

2. Not-for-profit organisations don’t require managerial work. ()

3. As usual any organisation has distinct goals and structure. ()

4. The structure of any organisation is based on clearly defined rules, regulations, and job descriptions and always has a boss. ()

5. In organisations with flexible structure there are no time boundaries for work. ()

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