A. Complete the sentence below with the best answer (A, B or C) according to the information in the text

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

Part 4. Read and translate the text 4.

According to the functions approach, managers perform certain activities or functions as they efficiently and effectively coordinate the work of others. What are these functions?

Today, these functions are four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Because organizations exist to achieve some particular purpose, someone must define that purpose and the means for its achievement. Managers are that someone. As managers engage in planning, they set goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

Managers are also responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals. We call this function organizing. When managers organize, they determine what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.

Every organization has people, and a manager’s job is to work with and through people to accomplish goals. This is the leading function. When managers motivate subordinates, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues, they’re leading.

The final management function is controlling. After goals and plans are set (planning), tasks and structural arrangements put in place (organizing), and people hired, trained, and motivated (leading), there has to be some evaluation of whether things are going as planned. To ensure that goals are being met and that work is being done as it should be, managers must monitor and evaluate performance. Actual performance must be compared with the set goals. If those goals aren’t being achieved, it’s the manager’s job to get work back on track. This process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is the controlling function.

1. Organizations exist to achieve some particular purpose …

A. … but sometimes it’s difficult to define it.

B. … and both employees and managers define it.

C. … and managers are those who define that purpose and the means for its achievement.

2. As managers engage in planning, they …

A. … arrange and structure work to accomplish the organization’s goals.

B. … deal in any way with employee behavior issues.

C. … set goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

3. The final management function is controlling that is …

A. … the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting the work of subordinates.

B. … the process of motivating subordinates and selecting the most effective communication channel

C. … the process of determining what tasks are to be done.

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