Enzymes

IV. Информативное чтение. Направлено на развитие компетенции ОК-1, ОК-5, ОК-6, ПК-48 (40 мин)

III. Работа над грамматическим материалом. Направлена на развитие компетенции ОК-6 (45 минут)

II. Изучающее чтение. Направлено на формирование компетенции ОК-6 (30 мин)

I. Речевая разминка, устная речь. Направлено на формирование компетенции ОК-6 (20 мин).

Занятие 10.

Этапы занятий и рекомендуемая продолжительность тренировки видов речевой деятельности:

Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

-What are the principal parts of the plant?

-What kinds of plants do you know?

- What plants are grown in our area?

Упражнение 1. Переведите текст“Plant, its parts and functions” стр. 53 (уч.пос. "English for Pharmaceutists"). Выполните упр. 9, 10.стр.56.

Упражнение 1. Повторите функции Participle II((уч.пос. "English for Pharmaceutists", стр. 83-85). Выполните упр. 7.стр.56.

Упражнение 2. Повторите структуру образования вопроса вопросов, выполните упр. 6, стр. 56. (уч.пос. "English for Pharmaceutists").

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, compounds that increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzyme catalysts bind the reactants, called substrates, convert them to products, and release the products. Although enzymes may be modified during this sequence, they return to their original form at the end of the reaction. In addition to increasing the speed of reactions, enzymes provide a means for regulating the rate of reactions in the metabolic pathways of the body. This chapter is divided into two parts: the first part explains the properties of enzymes as catalysts, and the second part presents the mechanisms of enzyme regulation.

Enzymes as catalysts. An enzyme binds the substrates of the reaction and converts them to products. The substrates are bound to specific substrate binding sites on the enzyme through interactions with the amino acid residues of the enzyme. The spatial geometry required for all the interactions between the substrate and the enzyme makes each enzyme selective for its substrates, and ensures that only specific products are formed

The substrate binding sites overlap in the active catalytic site of the enzyme, the region of the enzyme where the reaction occurs. Within the active site, functional groups of other amino acid residues of the enzyme, compounds called coenzymes, and tightly bound metals participate in the reaction. The functional groups in the active site of the enzyme activate the substrates and decrease the energy needed to form the high energy intermediate stage of the reaction known as the transition state. Some of the catalytic strategies employed by enzymes, such as general acid base catalysis, formation of covalent intermediates, and stabilization of the transition state, are illustrated by chymotrypsin.

The effectiveness of many drugs and toxins depends on their ability to inhibit an enzyme. The strongest inhibitors form covalent bonds with a reactive group in the enzyme active site, or are analogues of an intermediate stage of the reaction, such as the transition state.

Упражнение 1. Задайте 15 вопросов (различного типа) к тексту таким образом, чтобы ответы освещали основное содержание текста.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-07