По-английски

Источниках энергии и об основных отличиях нетрадиционных источников

Прочитайте текст. Найдите информацию о наиболее перспективных

Энергии в качестве источника электричества.

Прочитайте текст. Расскажите по-английски о преимуществах солнечной

Solar Light by Night

Most people living in towns consider it a usual thing that streets

are lit at night. But street lights need a power supply (источник

энергии) therefore distant areas with no source of electricity remain

in darkness until the sun comes up again.

With new appliances now offered by several British firms, many

distant places could be lit with solar-powered street lights. It may

seem strange that the lamps can use the power of the sun which

shines by day when the lamps are needed at night, but they work by

using energy accumulated during the day from a solar panel. The

solar panel produces electricity which charges (заряжать) a battery.

When the sun goes down, the battery power is then used for

lighting. Each lamp has its own panel so the system can be used for

one individual light or a number of them.

In the south of Saudi Arabia a motorway tunnel miles from any

power supply is lit day and night by solar-powered devices. The solar

panels provide power during the day and charge batteries which

accumulate enough power to light the tunnel at night. The generation

of electricity by batteries is still expensive but the advantage of

sun-powered lamps is that they can bring light to areas distant from

any other power supply.

There is one more advantage of solar power: not only it is unlimited,

but also its use does not pollute the environment. That is

why it is very important to develop devices which make it possible

to transform solar power into mechanical or electric forms of power.

Text 3D

энергии от традиционных. Изложите основное содержание текста

Non-traditional Renewable Sources of Energy

It is known that much is being done in the world today for the

development of non-traditional sources of energy. Without them

the Earth cannot support its present population of 5 billion people

and probably 8 billion people in the 21st century.

Now we are using traditional power sources, that is, oil, natural

gas, coal and water power with the consumption of more than 50

billion barrels per year. It is evident that these sources are not unlimited.

That is why it is so important to use such renewable sources of

energy as the sun, wind, geothermal energy and others. Research is

being carried out in these fields.

One of the most promising (перспективный) research is the

development of power stations with direct transformation of solar

energy into electricity on the basis of photo-effect. It was Russia

that was the first in the world to develop and test a photoelectric

battery of 32,000 volts and effective area of only 0.5 sq.m., which

made it possible to concentrate solar radiation. This idea is now being

intensively developed in many countries.

However, the efficiency of a solar power station is considerably

reduced because of the limited time of its work during the year. But

it is possible to improve the efficiency of solar power stations by developing

different combinations of solar power stations and traditional

ones — thermal, atomic and hydraulic. Today some

engineers are working at the problem of developing electric power

stations with the use of a thermal-chemical cycle. It will operate on

products of the transformation of solar energy, whereas the «solar»

chemical reactor uses CO2 and water steam of the thermal power

station. The result is that we have a closed cycle.

In Kamchatka there are geothermal power stations operating

on hot water-steam mixture from the depths of about a kilometre.

In some projects water will be heated by the warmth of mountains

at a depth of four-five km.

It is planned that plants working on the energy of the solar heat

provided by the sun will be built on a larger scale.

That different wind energy plants are being developed is also

well-known. These energy plants can be small (of several kilowatts)

and large powerful systems.

It is important that all these advances in developing new

sources of energy and improving the old ones help to solve the energy

problem as a whole and they do not have negative effects on

the environment.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Упражнение 1. A. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания из текста ЗА и

постарайтесь догадаться о значении выделенных слов и словосочетаний.

1. such as lighting

2. applications are longstanding

3. in the 19th century workshops

4. a range of appliances

5. devices are based on

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27