Какие биографические факты из жизни изобретателя телефона приведены

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Работали над созданием телеграфной связи, какие трудности встретились

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Telegraph

Benjamin Franklin, an American who is famous for his interesting

and useful inventions, published his ideas about electricity in

1752. Scientists in many countries became interested in this wonderful

form of energy. They wanted to find the answer to a very important

question: could the electricity be used to develop a fast,

efficient system of long-distance communication? Experiments

proved that electricity could travel instantly over a very long piece

of wire. But a note that was written on a piece of paper couldn't be

put into a wire. How could electricity be used to send a message? A

Danish scientist discovered that electricity could move a needle

from left to right and that the needle could be pointed at letters on

a piece of paper. Then a German government worker made up a

code system that could be used with an electric needle. In 1837 two

English scientists sent a message by electric telegraph for a distance

of more than 1.6 kilometers.

Samuel Morse, an American portrait painter, was experimenting

with an electric telegraph too. At first he connected a pencil to

an electric wire. When the electricity came through the wire the

pencil made wavy lines. Then Morse invented a code that used dots

and dashes for the letters of the alphabet. Finally, he discovered

that telegraph messages did not have to be written, they could be

sent in sound.

On May 24, 1844, the first long-distance message was sent by

telegraph for 64 kilometers.

Telegraph companies were formed in many cities. By 1861 telegraph

wires stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In Europe

too, Samuel Morse's system became popular.

But telegraph wires couldn't be hung over an ocean. Messages

to and from Europe had to be sent by ship — a journey of two or

three weeks. A new method was needed.

The Atlantic Telegraph Company which was organized in 1856

wanted to try to lay a cable on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. The

4,000-kilometer cable broke three times. Each time a new cable

had to be made. Finally, on July 27, 1866, the first transatlantic

message was sent from Newfoundland to Ireland.

Later cables were laid to Central and South America. After

1900 transpacific cables were laid to Asia and Australia. At last

news and business information could be sent instantly to almost

every country in the world.

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