Advanced driving

REFERENCE

Engine and associated systems

Contents

MAINTENANCE

Routine maintenance and servicing

Servicing specifications	Page	1•2
Maintenance schedule	Page	1•4
Maintenance procedures	Page	1•8

REPAIRS & OVERHAUL

Engine in-car repair procedures	Page	2A•1
Engine removal and overhaul procedures	Page	2B•1
Cooling, heating and air conditioning systems	Page	3•1
Fuel and exhaust systems	Page	4A•1
Emission control systems	Page	4B•1
Starting and charging systems	Page	5A•1
Ignition systems	Page	5B•1

Transmission

Clutch	Page	6•1
Manual transmission	Page	7A•1
Automatic transmission	Page	7B•1
Driveshafts	Page	8•1

Brakes and suspension

Braking system	Page	9•1
Suspension and steering	Page	10•1

Body equipment

Bodywork and fittings	Page	11•1
Body electrical system	Page	12•1

Wiring diagrams

Page 12•20

Dimensions and weights	Page	REF•1
Conversion factors	Page	REF•2
Buying spare parts	Page	REF•3
Vehicle identification	Page	REF•3
General repair procedures	Page	REF•4
Jacking and vehicle support	Page	REF•5
Tools and working facilities	Page	REF•6
MOT test checks	Page	REF•8
Fault finding	Page	REF•12
Glossary of technical terms	Page	REF•22

Index

Page REF•27

0•4 Advanced Driving

Many people see the words 'advanced driving' and believe that it won't interest them or that it is a style of driving beyond their own abilities. Nothing could be further from the truth. Advanced driving is straightforward safe, sensible driving - the sort of driving we should all do every time we get behind the wheel.

An average of 10 people are killed every day on UK roads and 870 more are injured, some seriously. Lives are ruined daily, usually because somebody did something stupid. Something like 95% of all accidents are due to human error, mostly driver failure.

Sometimes we make genuine mistakes - everyone does. Sometimes we have lapses of concentration. Sometimes we deliberately take risks.

For many people, the process of 'learning to drive' doesn't go much further than learning how to pass the driving test because of a common belief that good drivers are made by

'experience'.

Learning to drive by 'experience' teaches three driving skills:

• Quick reactions. (Whoops, that was close!)

• Good handling skills. (Horn, swerve, brake, horn).

• Reliance on vehicle technology. (Great stuff this ABS, stop in no distance even in the wet...)

Drivers whose skills are 'experience based' generally have a lot of near misses and the odd accident. The results can be seen every day in our courts and our hospital casualty departments.

Advanced drivers have learnt to control the risks by controlling the position and speed of their vehicle. They avoid accidents and near misses, even if the drivers around them make mistakes.

The key skills of advanced driving are concentration, effective all-round observation, anticipation and planning. When good vehicle handling is added to

these skills, all driving situations can be approached and negotiated in a safe, methodical way, leaving nothing to chance.

Concentration means applying your mind tosafe driving, completely excluding anything that's not relevant. Driving is usually the most dangerous activity that most of us undertake in our daily routines. It deserves our full attention.

Observation means not just looking, butseeing and seeking out the information found in the driving environment.

Anticipation means asking yourself what ishappening, what you can reasonably expect to happen and what could happen unexpectedly. (One of the commonest words used in compiling accident reports is

'suddenly'.)

Planning is the link between seeingsomething and taking the appropriate action. For many drivers, planning is the missing link.

If you want to become a safer and more skilful driver and you want to enjoy your driving more, contact the Institute of Advanced Motorists at www.iam.org.uk, phone [phone], or write to IAM House, 510 Chiswick High Road, London W4 5RG for an information pack.

Working on your car can be dangerous. This page shows just some of the potential risks and hazards, with the aim of creating a safety-conscious attitude.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-23