Unit I Psychology

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Данноеучебное пособие предназначено для студентов специальности «Практическая психология» дневной и заочной форм обучения. Пособие построено таким образом, что может быть использовано как для аудиторной работы, так и для самостоятельного совершенствования навыков чтения и говорения по темам: «Психология», «Знаменитые психологи», «Память», «Тестирование интеллекта», «Агрессия», Межличностное восприятие», «Нервная система, мозг»; «Мышление», «Развитие креативности», «Психология цвета».

Наряду с научными и научно-популярными аутентичными текстами в пособие включены языковые и лексические упражнения, направленные на формирование автоматизированных навыков, превентивность типичных ошибок и контроль усвоения языкового материала. Задания расположены от простых к сложным, что позволяет использовать дифференцированный подход в обучении иностранному языку.

Целями данного пособия являются:

1) дальнейшее развитие навыков ознакомительного, аналитического и просмотрового чтения;

2) активизация навыков устной речи;

3) накопление и систематизация словарного запаса по специальности;

4) развитие навыков дискутирования и аргументации.

Пособие состоит из десяти разделов, каждый из которых включает в себя несколько уроков. Каждый урок состоит из

1) аутентичного текста психологической тематики,

2) поурочного словаря,

3) предречевых и речевых лексико-грамматических и лексических упражнений, составленных на базе текста и поурочного словаря.

В каждый раздел включены также тексты для обсуждения под общим заголовком «Психология в действии».

Для удобства работы с текстами пособие снабжено англо-русским словарем психологических терминов и глоссарием. В приложение также включены высказывания известных психологов и фразы и выражения, необходимые для построения монологического профессионально-ориентированного высказывания.

Lesson 1. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?

1. Read the following words and memorize them:

рsychology (n)	[saN'kClB7N]	психология
touch (v)	[tH5]	дотрагиваться, касаться
human being (n)	['hju:mBn'bi:NE]	человек
emphasis (n)	['emfBsNs]	сила, ударение
inner (n)	['NnB]	внутренний
personality (n)	[pB:sB'nWlNtN]	личность
pattern (n)	['pWtBn]	образец, модель
behaviour (n)	[bN'heNvjB]	поведение
affect (v)	[B'fekt]	оказывать влияние, воздействовать на кого-либо
psychologist (n)	[saN'kClB7Nst]	психолог
apply (v)	[B'plaN]	применять, обращаться
particular (adj)	[pB'tNkjulB]	особый, специфический
unconscious (adj)	[Hn'kKnGBs]	беcсознательный
amateur (n)	['WmBtB:]	любитель, дилетант
intuitive (adj)	[Nn'tju:NtNv]	интуитивный
survival (n)	[sB'vaNvBl]	выживание
technique (n)	[tek'ni:k]	метод, способ
shape (v)	[GeNp]	образовывать, принимать вид (форму)
experience (n)	[Nks'pNBrBns]	опыт, испытание, переживание
self-centred (adj)	['self'sentBd]	эгоцентричный
imitate (v)	['NmNteNt]	подражать, подделывать
research (n)	[rN'sB:5]	научное исследование
intend (v)	[Nn'tend]	намереваться, предназначать
specialize (v)	['speGBlaNz]	специализироваться, приспосабливаться к определенным условиям
complex (adj)	['kCmpleks]	сложный, составной

2. Read these international words and try to guess their meaning:

psychology, personality, psychologist, intuitive, technique, experience, imitate, complex.

3. Read out these phrasal verbs and expressions several times till you remember them:

what makes him tick? – что им движет? чем он живет?;

to apply for – обращаться за справкой, помощью;

to cope with smth – справляться, совладать с чем-либо;

to be aware of smth – осознавать, отдавать себе отчет;

to focus on smth – сосредоточиваться на чем-либо.

4. Match the English words and their Russian equivalents:

1. unconscious	a. метод, способ
2. self-centred	b. интуитивный
3. to apply	c. любитель, дилетант
4. technique	d. бессознательное
5. psychologist	e. научное исследование
6. рsychology	f. применять, обращаться
7. intuitive	g. психолог
8. human being	h. психология
9. amateur	i. человек
10. research	j. эгоцентричный

5. Combine the words with the help of preposition of:

1. an aspect	a. psychology
2. the patterns	b. dressing
3. the behavior	c. psychologist
4. a kind	d. the person
5. the way	e. thought
6. a type	f. our lives

6. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives if possible:

principal, social, important, many, different, special, particular, intuitive.

7. Give the three forms of the following verbs:

be,develop,make, do, know, understand, shape, have, decide, think, learn, help, mean, affect.

8. Give the plural form of the following nouns:

person, science, human being, psychologist, field, life, experience, university, people, technique, personality, research, problem, way.

9. Give the synonyms of the following words:

human being, leisure time, method, conversation, principal, particular, type, emphasis, pattern, to affect.

10. Write the derivatives of the following words:

develop, touch, understand, decide, special, differ, person, individual.

11. Look through the given words. Then read their definitions and match the words with their definitions:

human being, psychologist, amateur, principal, experience, conversation, to focus, to affect, complex, knowledge.

1. a scientist who studies the mind and the way that people behave;

2. the most important, main;

3. a person;

4. a person who takes part in an activity for pleasure, not for money as a job;

5. a talk between two or more people;

6. to made up of several connected parts and often difficult to understand; complicated;

7. to make smb/smth change in a particular way; to influence smb/smth;

8. to give all your attention to smth;

9. information, understanding and skills that you have gained through learning or experience;

10. the knowledge or skill that you get from seeing or doing smth.

12. Give the English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

беcсознательный, внутреннее «я», личность, человеческие проблемы, опыт, методы исследования, принять решение, основополагающие факторы, особый упор, осознавать, обращаться за помощью, человек, интуитивный, сложный, принимать вид (форму), специализироваться, поведение, психолог, психология, дилетант.

13. Read the text and get ready to speak about psychology in our everyday life.

WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?

Psychology is one of the most rapidly developing social sciences, touching almost every aspect of our lives. Psychology is all around us. It has its principal focus on the individual human being, with special emphasis on the inner life, the personality, the patterns of thought, the behavior of the person. It is about understanding human beings: what makes us tick, and why we do what we do. Society which has become more complex is turning more and more to psychology to answer some of the most serious human problems of our day and age.

Human beings shape most of the experiences in our lives, whether that is at home, at the University, at work or during our leisure time. And in some ways everyone is a kind of psychologist. We are all applying psychology all the time: when we have a conversation with someone else; when we decide that a particular way of dressing is «right» for us; or when we make a decision which we know will affect other people around us.

The problem, though, is that this type of psychology is unconscious. We are not imitating fully aware of what we are doing, and can often think that we are doing one thing when, really, are doing something quite different. Although we use a sort of psychology in our everyday life, we do it as amateurs, learning from experience and from other people, and without really being aware of what it is all about. Our everyday knowledge is intuitive and often very self-centred. There are reasons for that: it’s a survival technique which helps us to cope with the world. However, it does also mean that we can often be mistaken, or simply wrong.

Because psychology affects so many aspects of our lives it is important, even for those who do not intend to specialize in the field, to know something about its basic facts and research methods.

14. Answer the following questions:

1. What is psychology?

2. Does psychology touch almost every aspect of our lives?

3. What is the principal focus of psychology?

4. In what a way do we apply psychology?

5. Which kind of psychology is described in the text?

6. Do we use psychology as amateurs or as professionals in our everyday life?

7. Is our everyday knowledge intuitive and often very self-centred? Why?

8. Is it important for every man to know psychology? Why?

15. Say whether the following statements are true or false. In your arguments use: I quite agree with …; I don’t think so …; I can’t agree with …; on the contrary …; quite so …; exactly ….

1. Psychology is one of the most rapidly developing technical sciences.

2. We never use psychology in our everyday life.

3. Everyday psychology is unconscious.

4. Our everyday knowledge is intuitive.

5. We use professional knowledge of psychology every day.

6. We can often be mistaken, or simply wrong.

7. Psychology is important even for those who do not intend to specialize in the field.

8. We often use psychology without really being aware of what it is all about.

16. Complete the following sentences:

1. Psychology is one of the most rapidly …

2. It has its principal focus on …

3. Society which has become more complex is turning more and more to psychology to …

4. We are all applying psychology all the time …

5. Our everyday knowledge is …

6. In some ways everyone is …

7. Human beings shape most of the experiences in …

8. Because psychology affects so many aspects of our lives it is …

17. Put in the right prepositions and postpositions where necessary*:

1. The problem, though, is that this type … psychology is unconscious.

2. Although we use a sort … psychology … our everyday life, we do it as amateurs, learning … experience and … other people, and … really being aware … what it is all ….

3. Society which has become more complex is turning more and more … psychology to answer some … the most serious human problems … our day and age.

4. Human beings shape most … the experiences … our lives, whether that is … home, … the University, … work or … our leisure time.

5. There are reasons … that: it’s a survival technique which helps us to cope … the world.

6. Psychology is all … us.

7. It has as its principal focus … the individual human being, … special emphasis … the inner life, the personality, the patterns … thought, the behavior … the person.

8. We are not imitating fully aware … what we are doing.

18. Look through the given words. Choose a suitable word to put it into each gap:

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