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Diplomatic immunity




Diplomatic immunity is a form of legal immunity and a policy held between governments, which ensures that diplomats are given safe passage and are considered not susceptible to lawsuit or prosecution under the host country's laws. It was agreed as international law in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961).

The sanctity of diplomats has long been observed. This sanctity has come to be known as diplomatic immunity.

The freedom from proceedings in the UK that is granted to members of diplomatic missions of foreign states by the Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964. This Act incorporates some of the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961), which governs diplomatic immunity in international law. The extent of the immunity depends upon the status of the member in question, as certified by the Secretary of State. If he is a member of the mission’s diplomatic staff, he is entitled to complete criminal immunity and to civil immunity except for actions relating to certain private activities. A member of the administrative or technical staff has full criminal immunity, but his civil immunity relates only to acts performed in the course of his official duties.

Similar immunities are granted to members of Commonwealth missions by the Diplomatic and other Privileges Act 1971, and to members of certain international bodies under the International Organizations Acts 1968 and 1981. Under the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987, the Secretary of State may remove diplomatic status from diplomatic or consular premises that are being misused.

4. Diplomatic mission. A body composed of government officers representing the interests and welfare of their state who have been posted abroad (by the sending state) and operate within the jurisdiction of another state (the receiving state). This mission will be accorded protection by the receiving state in accordance with the rules of diplomatic immunity.

The role of such a mission is to protect in the receiving state the interests of the sending state and of its nationals, within the limits permitted by international law; negotiating with the government of the receiving state as directed by the sending state; ascertaining by lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving state, and reporting thereon to the government of the sending state; promoting friendly relations between the sending state and the receiving state, and developing their economic, cultural and scientific relations. The rights and immunities of diplomats are codified in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.

5. Diplomat. A diplomat is someone involved in diplomacy between two countries; the collective term for a group of diplomats from a single country is a diplomatic mission.

An ambassador is the most senior diplomatic rank; a diplomatic mission headed by an ambassador is known as an embassy. The collective body of all diplomats resident in a particular country is called a diplomatic corps.

Since the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, diplomats have had diplomatic immunity which protects them from being persecuted while on a diplomatic mission.

In times of hostility diplomats are often withdrawn for reasons of personal safety, and in some cases diplomats are withdrawn when the host country is friendly but there is a threat from internal dissidents. Ambassadors and diplomats are sometimes recalled by their home countries as a statement of displeasure with the country they have been serving in.




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