Наиболее употребительные суффиксы и приставки

Тест 1

Задание 1

Найдите в тексте из задания 2 примеры этих частей речи.

v.	n.	adj.	adv.	prep.

Задание 2

Переведите текст (контрольное время 15 минут)

Snow melt is exactly analogous to rainfall with respect to supply of water for infiltration and runoff, except for the relatively small storage and lag of the melted snow in the snow cover. During periods of no precipitation, successive differences in a series of daily measurements of water equivalent of a melting snow cover are practically analogous to daily increments of rainfall. Ordinary measurements of incremental changes in water equivalent of the snow cover are not satisfactory measurements of snowmelt, largely because of the inherent observational and sampling errors. Taking cores from successive locations at a site confounds variation in time with variation in space. Two additional and compelling reasons exist for estimating, instead of observing, snowmelt. One is in forecasting streamflow, where it is advantageous to forecast the causes of melt instead of merely waiting for the resulting melt. The other reason, particularly for design and planning, is the need to extrapolate extreme melting rates on the basis of physical process.

Задание 3

Найдите все подлежащие и сказуемые в следующих предложениях:

a). In many heavily populated coastal areas human activities are increasingly threatening the abundance of plant and animal life in estuaries and coastal wetlands and destroying some of the important services these ecosystems provide.

b). Generally these correlations are made between snowmelt and aspects of air temperature, although it is clear from the preceding discussion that due to the variation in the various heat transfer processes no single index or method of estimating snowmelt will be applicable to all areas and for all weather conditions.

a) подлежащее

сказуемое

b) подлежащее

сказуемое

Задание 4

Найдите в тексте и выпишите все прилагательные. Напишите все 3 степени сравнения встретившихся вам прилагательных. Все ли прилагательные имеют сравнительную и превосходную степень?

Задание 5

Выпишите из текста все наречия с окончанием –ly. Образуйте прилагательные от данных наречий.

Задание 6

Переведите следующие словосочетания

Temperature profile changes, sound speed minimum, water storage capacity, world precipitation maps, fossil fuel combustion, total sediment weight per unit time, water vapour density, excess nutrients, pollution control equipment, water resource assessment problems, sediment particle size, narrow beam infrared sensor.

Задание 7

Используйте подходящую видо-временную форму глагола

a). Flood measurements on large rivers (make) best from bridges, cableways or boats.

b). Beginning in 1700, societal changes brought by the Industrial Revolution (increase) the amount of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere.

c). This year some indications (find) of the southward flow to about lat. 23 N, but no clear evidence for a boundary current flow (be) available between there and the equator.

d). The final result of this process (depend) on the conditions under which it (take) place.

e). The quality of surface water and air partially (improve) after the independence of the country, but the quality of some ground waters (continue) to deteriorate.

f). Since early times seamen (watch) the changes in sea and sky.

g). Density (affect) by the temperature and with most substances we observe that a decreased temperature (produce) an increase in the density of the substance.

Задание 8

От глаголов в скобках образуйте причастие 1 или 2 рода

a. The amount of heat energy (add) to the atmosphere by the greenhouse effect is (control) by the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

b. It is no wonder that a flood can have such a far (reach) impact with the enormous power of water (run) wild in nature.

с Recent events must be (view) in the context of long-term, natural processes as well as the relatively short-term body of data (collect) since the Industrial Revolution.

d. Total fresh water (consume) increased to 100 billion gallons per day, with irrigation in the western states (account) for about 80% of the total (consume).

e. This simple general pattern is modified by a number of other factors (include) (unexplain) or random variations in the global atmospheric circulation.

Задание 9

Переведите следующие предложения

f. Given the increasing usage and pollution of water sources by рuman activities, it may be argued that the problems of water quality are now often more difficult and demanding than those of water quality.

g. Whatever the reason for the transposition, there is no indication of this boundary current on transatlantic sections at and north of this latitude.

h. There are many pathways the water may take in its continuous cycle of falling as rainfall or snowfall and returning to the atmosphere.

i. One should know the difference between these two systems.

j. Ocean currents are the result of thermohaline motions as well as wind-driven ones.

k. Note that the resultant direction of motion in the open sea is not the same as that of the wind.

Задание 10

Определите в каких предложениях

a) НПО в начале предложения

b) НПО не в начале предложения

с) НПО отсутствует

1. Convection refers to the transformation of air in a ver­tical direction, the warm air rising and the cold air falling.

2. Isobars crossing fronts should be drawn with sharp bends, with kinks pointing to higher pressures.

3. The fog having vanished for some moments, it proved possible to determine the position of the ship.

4. Ice was sighted floating at sea having been formed either upon the salt water itself or upon the land.

5. The velocity of the tidal current decreases from the surface to the bottom, the velocity-near the bottom being about two thirds that at the surface.

Задание 11

Переведите следующие слова

Annual, tiny, hence, aid, supply, to regard, frequently, obtain, occur, several, expect, to fill, nevertheless, glacier, exist, although, duration, either...or, exchange, result from, since, assist, temporary, less, to estimate, approach, spread, vary, mean (adj.), to reach, according to, waste, prevail, offer, to cause, main, to include, by means of, benefit, even, to refer to, the same, few, to be available, for instance, to carry out, relationship, quantity, to distribute, to evaporate, therefore, to lead, lead, in turn.

ТЕСТ 2

Задание 1

Найдите в тексте из задания 2 примеры этих частей речи.

v.	n.	adj.	adv.	prep.

Задание 2

Переведите текст (контрольное время 15 минут)

Most of water's usefulness results from its unique physical properties compared to those of other mol­ecules of similar weight. Liquid water has a high boiling point of 100°C (212°F) and solid water has a high melting point ofO°C (32°F). Otherwise, water at normal temperatures would be a gas rather than a liquid and the earth would have no oceans, lakes, rivers, plants, and animals. Liquid water has a very high heat of vaporization. This means that water molecules absorb large quantities of heat when they are evaporated by solar energy from bodies of water and release large amounts of heat when atmospheric water vapor condenses and falls back to the earth as precipita­tion. This ability to store and release large amounts of heat during physical changes is a major factor in distributing heat throughout the world. This property also means that evaporation of water is an effective cooling process for plants and animals—explaining why you feel cooler when perspiration evaporates from your skin.

Задание 3

Найдите все подлежащие и сказуемые в следующих предложениях:

a)This property also means that evaporation of water is an effective cooling process for plants and animals—explaining why you feel cooler when perspiration evaporates from your skin.

b) These properties along with water's solvent abil­ity allow plants to receive nutrients from the soil, thus supporting the growth of plants and the ani­mals that feed on them.

a) подлежащее

сказуемое

b) подлежащее

сказуемое

Задание 4

Укажите предложения, не содержащие условия.

1. Had the altimeter been accurate, it would have measured the pressure correctly.

2. Were the wind stronger, the instruments would be destroyed.

3. Wind velocity would increase rapidly under these conditions.

4. It is necessary that the new equipment should be tested thoroughly

5. Should temperature drop, condensation would result.

Задание 5

Укажите предложения, в которых сказуемое выражено глаголом в форме сослагательного наклонения.

1. It is important to find the exact mechanism of the heat balance.

2. To ensure uniform water temperature the liquid should be stirred.

3. But for the turbulent diffusion, the air near the ground would become saturated and evaporation would stop.

4. If the earth were a uniform land surface without an atmosphere, the temperature of the surface at any given place would be governed directly by the amount of insulation re­ceived there.

Задание 6

Укажите правильный перевод предложения

1. Should the raindrops pass through zones of temperature below freezing, hail would result,

а) Если дождевые капли пройдут через зоны с температурой ниже нуля, может
образоваться град

б) Если бы дождевые капли прошли через зоны с температурой ниже нуля то образовался бы град.

в) Дождевые капли должны пройти через зоны с температурой ниже нуля. В этом
случае образуется град.

г) В случае, если дождевые капли прошли через зоны с температурой ниже нуля,
образовался град.

2. Were there no particles of this kind in the air, there would be no natural condensation.

а) Если в воздухе будут находиться частицы подобного вида, произойдёт естественная конденсация.

б) Если бы в воздухе не было частиц подобного вида, естественной конденсации
не произошло бы

в) Если в воздухе не будет частиц подобного вида, естественная конденсация не
произойдет.

г) Если бы в воздухе были частицы подобного вида, произошла бы естественная
конденсация.

3. But for the combination of warm weather and rain there would be no severe floods on this stream

а) Если бы не сочетание тёплой погоды с дождём, на этой реке не было бы сильных наводнений.

б) Несмотря на сочетание теплой погоды с дождем на этой реке не будет сильных наводнений.

в) Если бы теплая погода сочеталась с дождём, на этой реке не было бы сильных
наводнений.

г) Если бы теплая погода не сочеталась с дождем, на этой реке не было бы сильных наводнений

Задание 7

Укажите предложение, в котором условие реальное.

1. If the earth were all uniform the isotherms would be similar to the parallels or latitude

2. If the wind were favorable, the ship would reach the port of destination early in the morning.

3. If several rainspassed a serious flood would result.

4. If several rains had passed, a serious flood would result.

5. If several rains pass, a serious flood will result.

Задание 8

Укажите предложение, в котором сказуемое выражено глаголом вформе изъявительного наклонения

1. Were it not for the protective ozone layer life upon the earth might have been impossi­ble.

2. Nine bergs were sighted; several more would have been seen if the greater part of this run had not been made at night.

3. If the ground were saturated with water, there could be no further infiltration.
4. The explorers were terrified lest the ice-floe should break.

5. It is advisable that rainfall observations should be received from several stations.

Задание 9

Определите, каким членом предложения или его частью является инфи­нитив.

а) обстоятельством

б) именной частью сказуемого

в) определением

г) частью сложного глагольного сказуемого

д) подлежащим

1. То prevent the overflow of the river is an urgent task.

2. One way of obtaining hydrogen is to pass electric current through water.

3. To ensure uniform water temperature, the liquid should be stirred.

4. To give a true picture of the surrounding matter is the task of natural science.

5. The methods to be described are used in our laboratory.

6. Water is to be purified to meet our needs.

7. We'll employ this computer to get reliable data.

Задание 10.

Укажите английское предложение, соответствующее данному русскому.

1. Казалось, что циклон двигался с запада на восток.

a) The cyclone seems to move from west to east.

b) The cyclone was moving from west to east.

c) The cyclone seemed to be moving from west to east.

2. Учёные полагают, что солнечные пятна влияют на погоду

a) Scientists believed that sunspots affected weather

b) Scientists believe weather to affect sunspots,

c) Scientists believe weather to be affected by sunspots,

3. Было видно, что течение изменило своё направление.

a) The current has changed its direction.

b) The current was seen to have changed its direction.

c) He saw the current to have changed its direction.

Задание 11.

Укажите предложения, содержащие

а) объектный оборот

б) субъектный оборот

1. The information is used to study the distribution of rainfall over the country.

2. In this case the wind is said to have hurricane force.

3. The professor wanted the students to repeat the experiment under field conditions.

4. The hydrologic cycle is known to include several phases.

5. The diagram shows the current to have changed its direction.

Задание 12

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слова for

1. A datum for the level of the present and future floodings was fixed.

2. We had watched our berometer falling gradually for several days, but we did not expect rain to reach us, imagining that we were too far north.

3. Icebergs often move in the opposite direction to the pack ice, for they are carried by currents and are less influenced by the wind.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ А

ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

		Past Simple	Participle II
	be	was, were	been	быть, являться
	bear	bore	bom	родить
	become	became	become	сделаться, стать
	begin	began	begun	начинать
	blow	blew	blown	дуть
	break	broke	broken	ломать
	bring	brought	brought	приносить
	build	built	built	строить
	burn	burnt	burnt	гореть, жечь
	buy	bought	bought	покупать
	catch	caught	caught	ловить
	choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
	come	came	come	приходить
	cost	cost	cost	стоить
	cut	cut	cut	резать
	dig	dug	dug	рыть, копать
	do	did	done	делать
	draw	drew	drawn	тащить; рисовать
	dream	dreamt	dreamt	мечтать; видеть во сне
	drink	drank	drunk	пить
	drive	drove	driven	водить машину
	eat	ate	eaten	есть, кушать
	fall	fell	fallen	падать
	feed	fed	fed	кормить
	feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
	fight	fought	fought	бороться, сражаться
	find	found	found	находить
	fly	flew	flown	летать
	forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
	get	got	got	получать
	give	gave	given	давать
	go	went	gone	идти, ходить
	grow	grew	grown	расти, становиться
	have	had	had	иметь
	hear	heard	heard	слышать
	hide	hid	hidden	прятать
	hold	held	held	держать
	keep	kept	kept	держать, хранить
	know	knew	known	знать
	lead	led	led	вести
	learn	learnt	learnt	учить
	leave	left	left	оставлять, покидать
	lend	lent	lent	давать взаймы
	let	let	let	позволять
	lose	lost	lost	терять, проигрывать
	make	made	made	делать
	mean	meant	meant	значить
	meet	met	met	встречать
	put	put	put	класть
	read	read	read	читать
	ride	rode	ridden	ездить верхом
	rise	rose	risen	подниматься
	run	ran	run	бежать
	say	said	said	сказать
	see	saw	seen	видеть
	sell	sold	sold	продавать
	send	sent	sent	посылать
	set	set	set	помещать; устанавливать
	shine	shone	shone	сиять, блестеть
	sing	sang	sung	петь
	sink	sank	sunk	погружаться
	sit	sat	sat	сидеть
	sleep	slept	slept	спать
	smell	smelt	smelt	нюхать, пахнуть
	speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
	spend	spent	spent	тратить, проводить
	spoil	spoilt	spoilt	портить
	spread	spread	spread	распространять
	stand	stood	stood	стоять
	swim	swam	swum	плавать
	take	took	taken	брать
	teach	taught	taught	обучать
	tear	tore	torn	рвать
	tell	told	told	сказать
	think	thought	thought	думать
	throw	threw	thrown	бросать
	understand	understood	understood	понимать
	wear	wore	worn	носить, изнашивать
	win	won	won	выигрывать
	write	wrote	written	писать

Приложение Б

Наиболее распространенные служебные слова

although	- хотя
as	- так как; когда; по мере того как; как
as well as	- так же как и
as soon as	— как только
as long as	- до тех пор пока
as... as	- так же... как; такой же... как
as... as possible	- как можно...
not so (as)... as	- не так... как, не такой... как
as to/ for	— что касается
so as+ инфинитив - так чтобы
the same as	- такой же как
after	- после того как (как предлог after означает
	«после»)
because	- потому что
because of	— из-за
before	- до того как (как предлог before означает «до»)
for	— так как; ибо (как предлог for означает «для,
	за, в течение»)
if	- если; ли '
provided, providing (that)— при условии (что)
since	- 1) так как
	2) с тех пор как (как предлог since означает «с»)
though	- хотя
unless	- если... не
until	- до тех пор пока... не
when	- когда
whether	- ли
while	— в то время как, когда
both... and	- как... так и; и... и
either... or	— или... или, либо... либо
neither... nor	— ни... ни
the+ сравнительная степень..., the+ сравнительная степень
- чем..., тем

Приложение В

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27