To attempt, behavior, to convince, mind, investigate, predict

TEXT 1

PSYCHOLOGY

CHAPTER I

Введение

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов I-II курсов факультета социальной педагогики и психологии высших учебных заведений дневной формы обучения.

Основная цель настоящего пособия – обучение чтению и переводу юридической литературы на основе развития необходимых навыков, а также расширения активного и пассивного словарного запаса в области терминологии по специальностям «Психология» и «Социальная работа».

Пособие состоит из 2 глав, приложения, включающего тексты для дополнительного чтения, глоссария (словаря терминов) и краткого лексического справочника. Пособие включает в себя научные, научно-популярные, научно-публицистические тексты. К каждому тексту разработаны предтекстовые и послетекстовые упражнения, направленные на закрепление элементов словообразования, обработку слов, отражающих терминологию специальностей, а также на развитие навыка перевода. Каждый текст пособия снабжён кратким словарём, целью которого является усвоение лексики данного текста.

Пособие может быть использовано как на практических занятиях, так и для самостоятельной внеаудиторной работы студентов.

WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?

I. Read and learn the following words:

● analysis [ə`næləsis] анализ ● search [sə:t∫] поиск ● focus [`fÉukəs] фокус, центр ● mind [maind] сознание ● root [ru:t] корень ● soul [`səul] душа ● measurable [`meʒərəbl] измеряемые; to measure [`meʒə] измерять ● to avoid [ə`vÉid] избегать ● to investigate [in`vestigeit] исследовать ● requirement [ri`kwaiəmənt] требование ● to convice [kən`vins] убеждать ● inner [`inə] внутренний ● to attempt [ə`tempt] пытаться ● to predict [pri`dikt] предсказывать ● inquiry [`in`kwaiəri] исследование ● make up [`meik Ùp] составлять ● diverse [dai`vε:s] разнообразный ● psychology [`saikÉlədʒi] психология ● behaviour [bi`heivjə] поведение

II. Match the definition with a certain word:

to measure	very different from each other and of various kinds
diverse	an act of trying to do smth, especially smth difficult, often with no success
behavior	to find the size, quantity of smth in standard units
to attempt	to make smb believe that smth is true
to convince	private and secret not expressed or shown to other people
soul	the act of asking questions or collecting information about smb/smth
mind	the way that smb acts, especially towards other people
inner	the particular way that smb thinks
inquiry	a person’s inner character, containing their true thoughts and feelings

III. Find synonyms to the following words:

Intellect, to search, foretell, persuade, endeavor, conduct

IV. Complete the table:

noun	verb	adjective
	measure
investigation
		predictable
analysis
	convince
behavior

V. Read the text “What is psychology?” and answer this question.

WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?

Scientific study is a particular form of analysis. It is the search for regularity, form and order in nature. The focus of the science of psychology is the human being. A human being is at once a biological organism, a social organism, and an organism with a mind. (The word psychology comes from the Greek root psyche, meaning breath, soul and mind). The first two elements – biological and social – are measurable; but the third element, the mind is not. The mind is precisely what makes psychology unique and problematical. Psychologists today take the mind seriously.

Some psychologists have tried to avoid speaking about the mind or any internal states or events (thoughts and feelings). They have thought that it is more scientific to investigate only that which can be externally observed and measured. The mysterious mind does not satisfy this requirement. However, such an extreme position is less common now than it once was. That is because psychology today is much more convinced that inner states are important and essential subjects of study.

Psychology attempts to explain, predict and control what may appear inexplicable and unpredictable. Taken together, the varied questions, potential answers, problems, levels and points of view about human nature and about the nature of scientific inquiry, make up psychology – a rich, diverse, fascinating and surprisingly young field. The modern scientists define psychology as the scientific study of mental processes and behavior.

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