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The sense of touch




IV. Give the synonyms to the following words.

Pain, touch, sensitive, puzzle, intense, pleasant, sharp, dull, moderate

enigma, acute, calm, severe, stroke, ache, charming, monotonous, touchy

V. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

sensitive, dull, pleasant, sharp, moderate, intense, important

VI. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases:

relay their messages, the spinal cord, sensory nerves, unpleasant feelings, let you know, description of pain is varied, shooting pain, scalding pain, splitting pain, throbbing pain, cramping pain, ethical considerations, mild pain stimuli, moderate cold, physiological component, subjective component, the source of pain, immediately.

VII. Read the text and find the answer to the question what is the job of the sensory nerves in the skin?

The skin is the sense organ of touch. It has millions of nerves that make it sensitive to touch. When something touches the skin, the sensory nerves in the skin send messages to the brain. The brain receives the messages as unpleasant or pleasant feelings. There are five kinds of messages the brain can receive from the sensory nerves of the skin. These messages are pain, heat, cold, pressure and light touch.

The sense of touch is very important. You can learn about your body through the sense of touch. When you are injured, you often wish you could not feel pain; yet, it is important that you feel it. Pain protects you and lets you know if there is something wrong in your body.

Pain is a puzzle with many pieces. People’s description of pain is varied – shooting, scalding, splitting, throbbing, cramping, sharp and dull. Solving the puzzle of pain has been difficult because of its very nature: ethical considerations prevent researchers from doing much more than experiment with mild pain stimuli such as moderate heat or cold.

Pain has a physiological component, which is tied up with specific nerves, brain structures. It also has a subjective component, which varies with the person’s attitudes and fears. The physiological component is relatively easy to describe. Pain receptors are found in the skin, deep muscles, organs and joints. These receptors are stimulated by cuts, scrapes, extreme cold or heat. Most receptors relay their messages to the spinal cord. If you burn your hand, a message immediately goes into the spinal cord, telling you to take your hand away from the source of pain. Because these reflexes are based in the spinal cord, you remove your hand before your brain has become fully aware of the pain.

With time, we adopt to minor pain. However, we show little adaptation to intense pain. Because pain tells us that something is wrong, it is fortunate that we do not adopt to it immediately. Consider the situation of those few people who are born without the ability to feel pain. Such people may experience severe burns, broken bones without feeling the pain.

 




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