In Our Country

From the History of Petroleum Engineering Education

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на многозначность слова one. Назовите номера предложений, в которых one выступает заменителем ранее упомяну-того существительного.

1. One of the most characteristic features of the development of the oil and gas industry in our country is the considerable expansion of its geographic boundaries.
2. The training of petroleum engineers includes a comprehensive study of general subjects as well as specialized ones. 3. The finding and producing of petroleum and gas makes the petroleum industry today a very complex one. 4. The depth of this well is one thousand metres. 5. One can say that the formation of the independent higher petroleum engineering school in the USSR goes back to 1930.

21. Прочтите и переведите текст:

The history of petroleum engineering education in our country is inseparable from the history of the foundation and development of its oil and gas industries. In tsarist Russia the petroleum industry was concentrated almost exclusively in the Caucasus.

On July 2, 1918 head of the government signed the decree on the oil industry nationalization (they didn`t produce gaseous raw materials in Russia and there was no gas industry there before the revolution). But during the hard times of the Civil War crude oil production greatly decreased in the country and reached the level of 3.85 mln tons by the end of 1920. Academician I.M.Gubkin, a prominent geologist and oil expert, the founder of petroleum engineering science and education in Russia wrote: ” Deadly danger threatens our oil industry and it is a crime to keep silent about it”. Restoration of our oil industry became one of the most urgent and responsible tasks of the country.

Due to the constant attention of the government large-scale training of oil engineers spread in the country. It should be noted that before the revolution there was no petroleum engineering specialization at higher schools of Russia. Petroleum engineers came from other countries or got education abroad at various geological, mining, polytechnical and special oil institutes. In February 1921 I.M.Gubkin organized the oil engineering department for 50 students at the Moscow Mining Academy and founded the petroleum museum there. The same year training of oil engineers began at the polytechnical institutes that trained qualified specialists for our national economy mainly in the fields of oil geology, production and refining.

The formation of the independent higher petroleum engineering school in Russia goes back to 1930 when the system of higher technical education was reorganized to meet the requirements of different branches of industry. Thus, the Mining Academy was transformed into 6 independent institutes. One of them was the Moscow Oil Institute. The Polytechnical Institutes of Baku and Grozny were reorganized into oil institutes.

Before the war over 80 percent of all known oil reserves were in the Caucasus. Today powerful oil streams flow from installations in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, the Kuibyshev, Volgograd, Saratov, Perm and Orenburg regions. Oil was first struck there in the Chusovskiye Gorodki field (the Perm region) in 1929. A systematic development of numerous oil fields of this biggest province began in 1932 when oil spouted from Low Province sediments of the Ishimbaysky field in Bashkortostan. Since the second half of the 1950s the Volga-Urals has become the main oil-producing province of the country.

The Western Siberia lowland is the world’s biggest oil and gas-bearing province. The first Western Siberian oil gusher spouted from 1,500 meters deep sediment in the Trekhozerny oil field in 1960. Geologically, oil field development in Western Siberia presents no difficulties. The problem is to weather the harsh natural and climatic conditions. Oil is not the only asset of Western Siberia. There is an abundance of natural gas there.

At present a great number of specialists for oil, gas and petrochemical industries are trained at petroleum universities, as well as the oil departments of some polytechnical institutes of the country. High qualification of our petroleum engineers will determine the intensive development of the oil and gas industries.

22. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What kind of decree did head of the government sign on July 2, 1918? 2. What made it possible for large-scale training of oil engineers to spread in the country?
3. What do you know about the petroleum engineering specialization before the revolution in our country? 4. What institution did I.M. Gubkin found? 5. Why was the system of Soviet higher technical education reorganized in 1930? 6. When did a systematic development of oil fields of the Volga-Urals province begin? 7. Where is the world`s biggest oil and gas-bearing province? 8. What problems arise in oil field development in Western Siberia? 9. What are the assets of Western Siberia?
10. Where can students get petroleum engineering education?

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27