Упр.5 Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на место обособленного причастного оборота в предложении и на способ его перевода

1 The Earth’s orbit being an ellipse(not a circle) the distance between the Earth and the Sun constantly changes as the Earth revolves round the Sun.

2 The 100-inch telescope can photograph about 100 million stellar¹ systems, each containing many thousands of million stars.

3 The components of the velocity of a body moving in the air being known, the resultant velocity may be found.

4 The Earth is not a perfect sphere, but a little flattened² at the poles, the polar diameter being 26 miles less than equatorial.

5 The distance between Jupiter and the Earth varies because of the different orbital periods of these two bodies, the difference between the maximum and minimum distances being the diameter of the Earth’s orbit.

6 The pressure being known at some point in the flow of air, the pressure at another point on the same streamline may be calculated by Bernoulli’s law.

7 Most elements have stable atoms, but some like radium or uranium undergo radioactive decay³ and change into other elements, the change being accomplished by a release of energy.

8 After the first nuclear disintegration experiments in 1919 similar experiments took place during the next decay, natural radioactive materials being used as a source of energetic particles.

9 The heat being proportional to the square of the current, the rise in temperature in a hot-wire instrument is also proportional to the square of current.

10 A magnetic field surrounds a current-carrying wire, its strength decreasing as the distance from the wire surface increases.

11 It has been calculated that about 24 million visible meteors reach the Earth’s atmosphere every 24 hours, their total weight amounting to about 5 tons per day.

12 Stars differ tremendously in size, the largest ones being several times the size of the Sun and the smallest star being about the size of the Moon.

13 The 101 elements that were discovered or predicted up to1956 have atomic numbers from 1 to101, all gaps between these numbers having been filled by now.

14 During the period 1925-1935 many nuclear transformations were produced using as bombarding particles protons, alpha particles, or gamma-rays,these usually being obtained from the particle-accelerating machines, primarily the cyclotron.

¹ stellar- звездный

² flatten- делать плоским, сплющивать

³ decay- распад

3 Наряду с обособленными причастными оборотами без предлога в научной литературе употребляются обособленные обороты, которые вводятся предлогом with:

The orbit of an Earth satellite may be approximated to an ellipse, with the center of mass of the Earth being at one of its foci.

Орбиту спутника Земли можно приближенно считать эллипсом, причем центр массы Земли расположен в одном из его фокусов.

К причастным оборотом с предлогом with относится все сказанное ранее об обособленных причастных оборотах без предлога.

Однако следует иметь в виду, что если такого рода оборот стоит в начале предложения, то, помимо указанных выше союзов, при переводе используется союз «теперь, когда».

With industrialization going on at its present rate, the world’s fuel reserves will be exhausted within the near future.	Теперь, когда экономика развивается такими темами, мировые запасы топлива будут израсходованы в ближайшем будущем.
With the airplanes flying higher and faster…	Теперь, когда самолеты летают выше и быстрее…
… with atoms loosingelectrons.	…причем атомы теряют электроны.

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