Affirmative Sentences

Zero and First Conditionals

If/when-clauseandmain clause

WHEN and IF Clauses

Sentences with adverbial clauses of time (when) and condition (if) have two parts:

If you finish work early, we will go for a walk.

We will go to the cinema when you finish work.

v Note that we use a comma (,) when the if/when-clause comes before the main clause.

Adverbial clauses of time show the time of the action expressed in the main clause. They are introduced by the following conjunctions: when, while, whenever (коли б ні), as, till, until, as soon as, as long as, after, before.

Adverbial clauses of condition state the condition which is necessary for the realization of the action expressed in the main clause. They are introduced by the conjunctions if, unless (якщо ні), on condition that, as long as, in case.

The Zero Conditional is used to show that one action, result, etc. always follows another:

if/when-clause	main clause
Present Simple	Present Simple
If/When water freezes,	it turns into ice.
When I travel by car,	I’m always sick.

The First Conditional is used to talk about events which are possible, real or very probable in the present or future:

if/when-clause	main clause
Present Simple	Future Simple
If you study hard,	you will dowell in the test.
When I amin London again,	I’ll phoneyou.

Note that we use when for things which are sure to happen, and we use if (not when) for things that will possibly happen:

If they don’t come soon, I won’t wait for them. (= it’s possible)

When I go shopping, I’ ll buy some food. (= for sure)

v Other structures are also possible, depending on what we want to say:

if/when-clause	main clause
Present Simple	to going to do(future)
If you don’t work,	you are going to fail.
When I get home,	I am goingto have dinner.
Present Simple	modal verbs (can/may/should)
If you behave yourself,	you may come.
When you getmoney,	you can buy a new house.
Present Simple	Imperative
If you need anything,	ask.
When you have some free time,	visit us.
Present Simple	Present Simple(for future)
If thereareno problems,	the ceremonystartsin time.
When the weather is clear,	my flight arrivesat 7a.m.
Present Continuous	Future Simple
If he is listening to me attentively,	I willtellhim an interesting story.
When our father is sleeping,	I’ll playcomputer games.
Present Perfect	Future Simple
If I have promised,	I will tryto do my best to be in time.
When (As soon as) I have finished,	I’ll phoneyou.
Imperative	and/or + Future Simple
Work hard,	and you will dowell in the test.
Stop arguing,	or I’ll punishyou.

(Questions)

1. General Questions. (Yes/No Questions)

To form questions we put the auxiliary or modal (can, be, will, have etc. ) before the subject. We use do/does to form questions in Present Simple and did to form questions in Past Simple.

He is ready.> Is he ready?

She likes reading.> Does she like reading?

Ann went out yesterday. > Did Ann go out yesterday?

The word order in general questions:

the auxiliary or modal verb

the subject and it’s attribute

the main verb

other parts of the sentence

Will	they	arrive	tomorrow?
Did	you	see	the film?
May	І	use	your phone?
Does	she	go	to school?

Дата добавления: 2014-12-29