The Absolute Participle Construction

Forms and Functions of Participle I.

III. Grammar Exercises

	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Participle	using 1. определение: применяющий (иногда: -вший) 2. обстоятельство: применяя	being used 1. определение: применяющийся, применяемый, который применяется 2. обстоятельство: будучи применен, когда применяется
Perfect Participle	having used обстоятельство: применив (-яв, -вшись)	having been used обстоятельство: после того как применили, так как применили, когда применили.

7. Define the form of Participle I:

enjoying, being emptied out, having asked, having developed, working, having been invited, being built, living, being assisted.

8. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the forms and functions of Participle I:

1. Having done that, they let investors determine the risks for themselves.

2. The governments of 50 states have structures closely paralleling those of the federal governments.

3. Prices paid by consumers also include Value-Added Taxes, reflecting the costs of providing goods and services for sale.

4. VATs are the principal means of indirect taxation in many countries, including the member states of the European Union.

5. In most extreme form, chromic price increases become hyperinflation, causing the entire economic system to break down.

6. Being shown this document, he said it belonged to the well-known S-corporation.

7. Having been written the balance sheet was given to the chief executive officer.

8. Having been completed so carefully the material didn't need any corrections.

9. The trademark, a two- or three-dimensional insignia symbolizing a company or industry, dates from about the 16^th century.

10. The agency spends most of its time planning, creating, and producing the advertising for its clients.

Noun (общ.п.) +Participle Pronoun (им.п.)

+подл.+сказ.+доп   ,,

Noun (общ.п.) +Participle Pronoun (им.п.)

переводится обстоятель­ствен­ным придаточным предложе­нием с союзами - так как, поскольку, если, когда.

переводится самостоя­тель­ным предложением с союзами - а, и, причем, при этом или без союза

1. It being very late, we went to the hotel. 2. This done, we had a good rest.

1. We had two lectures yesterday, the last being on economics 2. He sat alone, his eyes closed.

9. Translate into Russian:

1. With factories operating at less than capacity and unemployment at very high levels, total output of goods and services enters a long-term decline. 2. The contract having been signed, the delegation went away. 3. Time permitting, the manager writes this letter. 4. The article deals with the income tax, particular attention being paid to Federal income tax liability. 5. The terms of delivery having been discussed, he signed the contract.

10. Read paying attention to the different meaning of the following terms.

Àìåð. âàðèàíò administration   around (ten) blue-chip investments call loan checking account claim letter collect on delivery common stock corporation law to fix a meeting government bonds   in good shape investment bank law business local taxes	Àíãë. âàðèàíò government in power   about (ten) first-class investments short-term loan current account letter of complaint cash on delivery ordinary share company law to arrange a meeting government securities in good condition merchant bank practice (law) rates	Çíà÷åíèå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî (äåéñò-âóþùåå) îêîëî (äåñÿòè) ïåðâîêëàññíûå èíâåñòèöèè êðàòêîñðî÷íûé çàéì òåêóùèé ñ÷åò ïèñüìî-ðåêëàìàöèÿ îïëàòà ïðè äîñòàâêå îáûêíîâåííàÿ àêöèÿ çàêîí î êîìïàíèÿõ íàçíà÷àòü âñòðå÷ó ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå öåííûå áóìàãè â õîðîøåì ñîñòîÿíèè èíâåñòèöèîííûé áàíê ïðîöåññóàëüíîå ïðàâî ìåñòíûå íàëîãè
to operate a business	to run a business	çàíèìàòüñÿ áèçíåñîì
operating costs	running expenses	òåêóùèå ðàñõîäû
preferred stock	preference share	ïðèâèëåãèðîâàííàÿ àêöèÿ
president	chairman	ïðåçèäåíò (êîìïàíèè)
right away	immediately	íåìåäëåííî
shipment	consignment	ïàðòèÿ (òîâàðà)
stockholder	shareholder	äåðæàòåëü àêöèé
tag	label	ýòèêåòêà
tender	offer	ïðåäëîæåíèå
way back	some time ago	íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ òîìó íàçàä

11. Translate English jokes:

Brother: Are you really going to marry that young man Jones? He is said to be kind and very clever. But isn't he a bit strange? At any rate he is unlike other young men.

Sister: I am going to marry Jones, and I don't find anything strange about him. And then if he is indeed unlike other young men, he is likely to make a very good husband.

12. Read the text and retell it in Russian:

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