Darwin and evolution

Write out from the text all sentences containing the sequence of tenses

8. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

a)

1) He wrote in his letter that he would come.

2) I thought that you knew about it.

3) I heard that he had worked at this problem.

4) I remembered that you had those magazines.

5) He says that he lived in Cambridge.

6) He said that he lived in Cambridge.

7) He said that he had lived in Cambridge.

8) He said that his son would be a doctor.

b)

1) Darwin's father thought that his son would be a doctor.

2) Darwin knew that his father wanted him to be a doctor.

3) His father wrote in his letter that Darwin cared for nothing, that he was shooting and hunting instead of studying.

4) He knew that his father's friend understood him better than his father.

5) He urged him that he should graduate some school.

6) He decided that he would go on a sea trip.

9. Put the following sentences into the indirect speech:

1) Hе said: I'll teach you natural science; I like to collect different plants and watch the behaviour of these animals day and night; I have caught a tortoise today; I am reading about different species of animals.

2) He asked: Has he decided to publish the materials of his voyage? Does he like to go on a sea voyage? Did he explain the origin of different species in his book? What conclusion did you tome to after reading this book? Will you return this book in time? Do you like it? Have you made a report about it?

10. Read and translate the following text; say what new information about plants and animals you got from it:

A hundred years ago people believed that plants and animals had always been as they are now. They thought that all the different sorts of living things, including men and women, had been put here by some mysterious power, a few thousand years ago.

It was Charles Darwin, born at Shrewsbury on February 12, 1809, who showed that this was just a legend. As a boy Darwin loved to walk about the countryside collecting insects, flowers and minerals. He enjoyed helping his elder brother at chemical experiments in a shed at the far end of their garden.

Because of this, his school friends called him "Gas'. These hobbies interested him much more than Greek and Latin, which were his main lessons at school. His father, himself a doctor, sent Charles to Edinburgh University to study medicine. But Charles disliked this work. He spent a lot of time with a zoologist friend, watching birds and other animals, and collecting insects in the surrounding countryside.

Then his father sent him to Cambridge to be trained as a clergyman. Darwin didn't want to be a doctor or a clergyman. He wanted to be a biologist.

11. Translate the following into English:

Улюбленим заняттям Дарвіна було збирати рослини і спостерігати за тваринами. Він нічого не любив робити окрім колекціонування різних рослин. Дарвін мав стати лікарем, але зовсім не цікавився медициною. Якось він почув що якийсь корабель має здійснити подорож навколо світу. Саме на цьому кораблі Дарвін почав думати про теорію еволюції. Чим більше різних видів рослин і тварин він бачив, тим більше переконувався, що правий. Коли він. повернувся з подорожі, він почав писати книгу про результати своєї поїздки. Дарвіна ніщо не цікавило крім його книжки. Він продовжував збирати нові факти, і чим більше працював, тим ясніше бачив зв’язок у походженні різних видів тварин. Після тривалої роботи та спостережень він написав свою знамениту книгу «Походження видів», а в 1859 році описав як і чому один вид утворився з іншого. Чарльз Дарвін помер у 1882 році.

12. Reproduce the text in your own words:

[З автобіографії Ч. Дарвіна]

Після повернення додому зі своєї нетривалої геологічної екскурсії по північному Уельсу, знайшов листа від Гекслі (Huxley), в якому мене сповіщали, що капітан Фіцрой згоден поступитися частиною власної каюти юнаку, який виряджався безплатно на «Біглі», як натураліст. Я, здається, розповів, в своєму подорожньому журналі про всі обставини, що супроводжували мій від’їзд. Скажу лише, що я не вагаючись ані хвилини був готовий прийняти цю пропозицію; Батько ж відмовив мені навідріз, але, на щастя, додав наприкінці: «Я погоджуся, якщо хоч одна людина при здоровому глузді порадить тобі їхати!». Я того ж вечора відповів відмовою. Наступного ранку я поїхав підготуватися до початку полювання 1 вересня. Та коли я полював, за мною приїхав мій дядько, запропонував підвезти мене до Шрюсбері та поговорити з моїм батьком, оскільки дядьку здавалося, що я зроблю розсудливо, якщо прийму пропозицію.

13. Answer the following questions:

1. What do you know of Darwin's childhood?

2. What kind of sport was he fond of?

3. Why was he sent to Cambridge?

4. Who urged him to apply for a job of a naturalist?

5. What was the opinion of his father about his voyage?

6. What was the purpose of the "Beagle's" sail?

7. What puzzled Darwin during his sail?

8. What countries and islands did the "Beagle" visit?

9. When did Darwin begin to think about his theory of evolution?

10. What in Darwin's opinion led to a constant fight for life?

11. Did his book „The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" cause a sensation and why?

12. What other books by Charles Darwin do you know? Have you read them?

13. Do you know where Charles Darwin is buried?

14. There were differences between animals and plants on the mainland and those on the island. What did Darwin think about it?

15. Say what you know about the biography of other biologists.

16. Speak about your hobby. What are you interested in?

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