Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make your own sentences to show that you understand the difference in their meaning

Ex.10. These words are often confused

Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. One of the oldest breweries has now joined an international … of drinks manufacturers.

2. There are now five … companies in the group. Each … company trades under its own name.

3. The businessman formed a … company to control all his assets.

4. They have a 25% … in the business.

5. Our … company may share some of the advertising costs with us.

6. An American and a German auto maker agreed to form a … … to build trucks.

7. Those two companies have a close working ….

8. She … stocks of 12 companies.

9. This product has … popular for many years.

10. The company will … the building of a large warehouse.

11. The cost of making the product and the cost of selling it are two … issues.

	Undertake, remained, holds, relationship, joint venture, sister, stake, holding, subsidiary (2), conglomerate, separate.

Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions:

1. The group’s shares fell … 10 per cent … … a fall in the home market.

2. Our parent company has its headquarters … Finland.

3. Nestle Corporation, … its many branches and subsidiaries, is one … the world’s largest food manufacturers.

4. Multinational corporations now operate … every sector … industry.

5. Philip Morris is a holding company which owns several major American companies … the tobacco and food industries.

6. Warner Bros. is an entertainment conglomerate that produces television programmes … broadcasting all over the world.

7. Japanese and US firms … the textile industry continue to enter … joint ventures … India.

8. The hotel was finally rescued … a consortium … local business owners.

9. I work … a construction company which has a lot … contracts … other countries.

10. The partners … a joined venture agree to control and manage the business together.

(into, for (2), of (4), with, in (7), by (2), because of)

to rise – to raise

to rise	– is an intransitive verb, i.e. it cannot take an object
e.g. Prices rose last month.
to raise	– is a transitive verb, i.e. it is followed by an object.
e.g. They raised the prices.

1. Many firms try to survive by … productivity.

2. We are trying … money to buy a new computer class.

3. My boss … my salary by 5%.

4. The petrol prices … by 15 % this week.

5. West European car sales … from 1 to 1,5 million.

6. Sales have … by 8 % this month.

7. We have … our profit levels by 10 %.

8. They managed to … sufficient capital to keep the company buoyant.

9. She … the question of overtime payments.

10. His report … some valuable points.

11. Companies needing money for development may … capital on the stock exchange by selling shares.

12. Large and small businesses need a capital market in which they can … finance.

13. Prices are … at an alarming rate.

14. They … their fees last year.

Exercises in Comprehension

Ex.1. Answer the following questions:

1. What do you know about different relationships that companies can have with one another?

2. What is a group?

3. Is a subsidiary owned by another company?

4. What is a holding company?

5. What is a conglomerate?

6. Under what circumstances is a joint venture formed?

7. Why do companies unite into a consortium?

Ex.2. What is the difference between:

a parent company – a sister company

a group – a joint venture

a conglomerate – a consortium

Ex.3. Sum up what the text says about:

s parent companies

s subsidiaries

s conglomerates

s joint ventures

s a consortium

Grammar Revision

Present Perfect Continuous   We use the Present Perfect Continuous: s to talk about actions or situations that began in the past and continue in the present He has been working for Lloyds since 1998. s to talk about a recent action that has a result in the present I have been working on the project – that’s why I am so tired.

Ex.1. Choose the correct variant:

1. He has developed /has been developing a new product for a month.

2. She has worked/has been working overtime since May.

3. My firm has sold/has been selling shares since September.

4. Have you read/have you been reading our company development programme all day?

5. I have waited/have been waiting for our partners since 2 o’clock.

6. I have worked/have been working so hard that I haven’t seen my family for weeks.

7. They have exhibited/have been exhibiting this new model since May.

8. My friend has looked/has been looking around for a new flat, but he hasn’t found it yet.

9. What new products have you advertised/have you been advertising since I last visited you?

10. How long have you worked/have you been working as a consultant?

11. I have tried/have been trying to ring them all day.

12. I have run/have been running the company since 2000.

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