Будущее совершенное время

Упр. 9. Прочитайте предложения и объясните употребление Past Perfect. Предложения переведите.

1. She had written the report by six o’clock. 2. By what time had the meeting been over? 3. I had not finished my work by Monday. 4. When we entered the hall, the performance had already begun. 5. As soon as I saw him I understood that something had happened. 6. I bought a new dictionary because I had lost my old one. 7. I told my friends a new joke which I had heard recently. 8. When I came out into the street I saw that the rain had stopped. 9. On my way home I met a friend of mine whom I had not seen for many years. 10. I didn’t recognize him because so many years had passed since we met last.

Упр. 10. Ответьте на вопросы, говоря, что действие уже произошло до того, как вас об этом спросили. Глаголы в скобках употребите в Past Perfect. Повторите формы неправильных глаголов: to see – saw – seen; to forget – forgot – forgotten; to spend – spent – spent; to lose – lost – lost; to be – was/were – been.

Model: - Why didn’t you watch that film on TV yesterday? (see)

- Because I had seen it before.

1. Why didn’t you see Ann when you came to Minsk? (leave) 2. Why didn’t you tell him my address? (forget) 3. What did Tom hear about Kate’s examination? (pass) 4. Why did Fred come home so soon from his holiday? (spend all the money) 5. Why couldn’t you get into your flat at once? (lose the key) 6. What did you learn about Bob? (marry) 7. What did he learn about Helen from the letter he received? (be ill for a month).

The Future Perfect Tense

shall / will have V₃

Future Perfect употребляется для выражения будущего действия, которое уже произойдет до определенного момента в будущем. Момент, до которого совершится действие, может быть обозначен:

1) обстоятельствами времени с предлогом by (by 5 o’clock, by Monday, by the end of the month и пр.);

I shall have translated the text by the end of the week.

Я переведу этот текст до конца недели.

2) другим будущем действием, выраженным в Present Indefinite, в придаточных предложениях времени и условия:

I shall have translated the text when you return.

Я уже переведу этот текст, когда ты вернешься.

Future Perfect не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия. В этих случаях вместо Future Perfect употребляется Present Perfect или Present Indefinite:

I shall go to the country after I have passed my exams.

Я поеду в деревню, после того, как сдам экзамены.

We shan’t be able to start at 7 unless it stops raining.

Мы не сможем отправиться в 7 часов, если не перестанет дождь.

Упр.11. Изучите таблицу. Обратите внимание на то, как образуется вопросительная и отрицательная форма глаголов в будущем совершенном времени.

I shall have written a poem by her birthday.   He She will have written It an article.     We shall have written two stories by that time. You will have written They a course paper by the end of the term.

Shall I have written a poem by her birthday? he Will she have written it an article?     Shall we have written two stories by that time? you Will have written they a course paper by the end of the term?

I shall not (shan’t) have written a poem by her birthday. He She will not have It (won’t) written an article.   We shall not have written two stories by that time. You will not have They written a course paper by the end of the term.

Упр. 12. Прочтите диалоги. Найдите глаголы в Perfect. Объясните его употребление. Предложения переведите. Незнакомые слова даны в примечаниях.

1.

- I’ll have written my composition[1] by 6 o’clock.

- Oh, I shan’t even have begun mine by then. But I’ll have begun it as soon as[2] supper is over[3].

- I hope you will.

2.

- Do you have time to do sports?

- Yes, of course, I’ve joined the Institute sports club. I am fond of skating and skiing.

- Well, I hope you’ll have set a record[4] by the end of the year.

- Let’s hope for the best.

3.

- Kitty, I want you to go to the baker’s[5] before 6 o’clock. I have this ironing[6] to do but I shall have finished it in half an hour and I need a loaf[7] for supper.

- Can I go after 6 o’clock, Mum? I am watching an interesting film and it won’t have finished by 6 o’clock.

- I’m sorry, but the baker’s shop will have closed by the time the film finishes.

- All right, Mum. I’ll go now.

- I hope you will. We shall have had supper and you will have cleared the table[8] by half past seven, then you can watch another film before your bed-time. Will it have finished by 9 o’clock?

- Oh, yes, it will have finished by half past eight.

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