Silicon

Answer the questions.

Match English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.

EXERCISES

VOCABULARY

NITROGEN

Nitrogen is a colourless, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas constituting about 4/5 (four fifth) of the atmosphere by volume. It is slightly soluble in water and in alcohol. Nitrogen is the 17^th most abundant element of the Earth’s crust. There it is found in mineral compounds, such as saltpeter (NaNO3). Compounds of nitrogen are essential constituents of all living organisms. The proteins and nucleic acids in particular are basic building blocks of all living life forms.

Nitrogen forms a series of oxides and oxyacids. The most important of them is nitric acid, HNO3. It also unites with hydrogen to form ammonia, NH3. With many of the metallic elements it forms nitrides.

The organic compounds of nitrogen, however, are more numerous and variegated than the organic ones. They include the amines or substituted ammonia; the nitro series to which many explosives belong; the amides, e.g. nylon; the dyestuffs, and a wide variety of other chemical compounds.

odour - запах taste - смак to constitute - складати about - приблизно by volume – за об’ємом soluble - розчинний alcohol- спирт abundant - рясний the Earth’s crust – кора земної кулі saltpeter – (калієва) селітра essential – природна селітра constituent – складова частина protein - білок nucleic acid – нуклеїнова кислота in particular – зокрема basic building block – основний структурний матеріал

oxide - окис oxyacid – киснева кислота nitric acid – азотна кислота to unite – з’єднувати ammonia - аміак nitride – нітрид numerous - багаточисленний variegated – різноманітний amine – амін substituted - заміщений nitro series - нітро-серії explosive – вибухова речовина amide – амід (хімічна сполука) dyestuff – барвник

1. essential constituents

2. proteins and nucleic acids

3. basic building blocks

4. a series of oxides and oxyacids

5. organic compounds of nitrogen

а. серія окисів і кисневих кислот

b. основні структурні елементи всіх форм живих істот

c. білки і нуклеїнові кислоти

d. органічні сполуки азоту

e. основні складові частини

1. What kind of gas is nitrogen?

2. Is nitrogen soluble in water and alcohol?

3. In what mineral compounds is nitrogen found in nature?

4. What is the formula for nitric acid?

5. Which are more numerous: the organic compounds of nitrogen or the inorganic ones?

6. Give some examples of inorganic compounds of nitrogen?

Silicon is the most abundant element found in the Earth’s crust. It is a bluish-grey metalloid which has a metallic lustre and is very brittle. It crystallizes in the diamond lattice, has a specific gravity of 2.42 (two point four two), melts at 1,420° C (degrees Centigrade) and boils at 3,500° C. It has an atomic weight of 28. The element is usually tetravalent in its compounds. It forms a great variety of inorganic and organic compounds.

Elementary silicon is used as an alloying constituent to strengthen aluminium, magnesium, copper and other metals. It also has a deoxidizing effect on steel, and in much larger proportions it also confers chemical inertness on ferrous alloys. High-purity silicon is used as the starting material for silicone resins, oils and in semiconductor devices, such as rectifiers, transistors and solar batteries.

Silicon dioxide, besides its use in tremendous quantities in the ceramic industries, is used as the raw material for making elementary silicon and for silicon carbide. Crystals of silicon carbide are used for piezoelectric devices. Fused quartz sand becomes silica glass, which is used in chemical laboratories and plants as well as an electric insulator.

Silicon forms useful and important compounds with hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In addition, useful organosilicon derivatives have been prepared.

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03