Judicial institutions

Второй год обучения

Criminal Law in England

Переведите следующий текст письменно, используя словарь.

Перепишите следующие предложения, принимая во внимание правила согласования времен и бессоюзное подчинение. Переведите предложения на русский язык. При переводе обратите внимание на тот факт, что в русском языке правила согласования времен отсутствуют.

1. The judge told us what crime the accused would be guilty of, if the evidence supplied by the prosecution was true. 2. When the judge had finished his summing up, he asked the jury to consider their verdict. 3. I inquired what one had to do if he needed a barrister in the High Court. 4. My friend wondered what he was supposed to do, if he got into trouble with the law in England.

In English law there is a rather long common law definition of murder. The unlawful killing of a human being under the Queen's Peace, with malice aforethought, so that the victim dies within a year and a day.

Malice aforethought refers to the mens rea of the crime and is a way of saying that the murderer intended to commit a crime. Of course, the court can never know exactly what was in the head of the killer at the time of the killing, so it has the difficult task of deciding what his intentions must have been. The judgements in many recent cases show that English law is constantly developing its definition of intent.

Although most criminal laws in the world refer to acts of violence or theft, there are laws regulating almost every kind of human behavior: for example, what we do with our land; what we say and write; how we run our businesses; even what we wear. Sometimes governments "create new crimes" by identifying a form of behavior and passing a new law to deal with it. In most industrialized countries existing theft laws were not adequate to deal with computer crimes where complex kinds of information are stolen, altered or used to deceive others and thus, new laws have been passed. Technical change is one reason why the criminal law is one of the fastest growing areas of the law. Another reason is that the number of crimes committed in some countries seem to be increasing rapidly - although sometimes it is not clear whether people are breaking the law more, being caught more, or reporting other people's crimes more. One more reason is that different societies, or perhaps it is different governments, continually review their ideas of what should and shouldn’t be a considered crime.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 3

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить Задание №4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка по любым учебникам:

1. Основные сведения о сослагательном наклонении (Subjunctive Mood). Условные предложения.

2. Сложные формы инфинитива (Infinitive ) и причастия (Participle).

3. Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям:

a) Объектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Object)

b) Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject)

c) Самостоятельный (независимый) причастный оборот (Absolute Participial Construction).

4. Многозначность that (those), once, only, since.

После изучения всего указанного выше материала можно приступить к выполнению задания.

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03