Определение (Attribute)

Инфинитив в функции определения стоит после определяемого существительного и отвечает на вопрос какой? На русский язык переводиться определительным придаточным предложением (с местоимениями который, кто) с модальным оттенком необходимости, возможности или будущего времени.

Models:

The species to be included in each group are indicated on the list.	Виды, которые следует включить в каждую группу, указаны в списке. Виды, которые можно включить … Виды, которые будут включены …
This is one of the important items to be insisted upon.	Это один из важных пунктов, на котором нужно настаивать.

Инфинитив в функции определения чаще встречается:

а) после порядковых числительных (the first, the second) и после слов the last, the next, the only.

Models:

Jack was the first to come.	Джек пришел первым.
She was the last to reach the hall.	Она последней пришла в зал.
Fulton was the first physiologist to suggest this hypothesis.	Первым физиологом, который предложил эту гипотезу, был Фултон.

б) после выражений, обозначающих количество (much, little, a great deal, plenty, no more).

Model:

I have no more to add.

Мне больше нечего добавить.

в) после неопределенных местоимений (somebody, something, anybody, anything, no one, nowhere, nothing, etc).

Models:

I have something to tell you.	Я должен тебе что-то сказать.
I want someone to speak to.	Я хочу с кем-нибудь поговорить.

г) после слова-заместителя существительного one.

Model:

He is not the oneto discuss his affairs with other people.

Он не тот, кто обсуждает свои личные дела с другими людьми.

д) после относительных местоимений (which, whom) с предшествующим предлогом.

Model:

They have excellent laboratories in which to work.

У них превосходные лаборатории, в которых они могут работать (для работы).

Примечания.

Наречия about, shortly + Infinitive переводятся вскоре, а инфинитив глаголом в форме будущего времени.

Model:

A few accounts about to be presented are by no means a complete history of microbiology.

Небольшое количество сообщений, которые будут вскоре представлены, ни в коем случае не являются полной историей микробиологии.

Сочетания, выраженные существительным + инфинитив глагола to come переводятся следующим образом:

- the generations to come – будущие (грядущие поколения),

- the years to come – будущие (грядущие) годы.

Model:

Science is inextricably bound to industry, to the generations to come.

Наука находиться в сложных взаимоотношениях с промышленностью, с будущими поколениями.

Exercise 1. Use the following Infinitives in the correct from to complete the sentences. Translate the sentences.

to increase	to do	to grow up	to enter	to build
to return	to spare	to influence	to say	to survey
to get on	to add	to run	to leave	to remain

l. The government made a decision... old-age pensions. 2. He is a difficult man... with. 3. He could think of nothing else … 4. There was nothing else... to what had been said. 5. At sixteen he had an ambition... and... this fine motel. 6. The whole family made the decision... to their native country. 7. Television has power... minds. 8. Now he had nothing... his dreams on. 9. She was always the first relative... the visiting pen on visiting days and the last.... 10. It was the wrong thing.... 11. There is no reason for you... in bed if you don’t feel weak now.

Exercise 2. Make sentences using the infinitives as attributes.

Model A: We have no time to wait for him.

Model B: He is not a man to rely on.

Model C: She had nobody to help her.

To say a kind word to her, to examine the room, to listen to the news, to give her a piece of advice, to support her, to solve the problem, to admit his fault, to stay here any longer, to discuss it, to calm her, to offer her help, to watch the play to the end, to go there alone.

Exercise 3. Say who was the first (the last) to do it.

Model A: to arrive — Tom was the first (the last) to arrive.

Model B: to be invited — Ann was the first (the last) to be invited.

To complete his work, to finish the composition, to be operated on, to be examined, to offer his help, to notice them, to hear the noise, to be praised, to be told the news, to understand the problem, to learn the poem by heart, to leave the room, to refuse the invitation, to find the right answer.

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences with the Infinitive in the function of attribute.

1. They were discussing the meeting to be held the next day. 2. Dick isn’t one to ask embarrassing questions. 3. I can find nothing to laugh at. 4. John had enough money to live on. 5. I have two more exams to take. 6. There was no taxi to be found. 7. The only thing to do was to reject the plan. 8. Ann was the first to express her doubts. 9. He was nowhere to be seen. 10. Henry isn’t one to waste time. 11. There is nothing left for me to do but accept his invitation. 12. She had nowhere to go in this strange town. 13. He was the quickest to recover after the shock. 14. There is nothing to be done about it.

Exercise 5. Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the Infinitive.

1. The plants to be introduced into this region grow well under arid conditions. 2. The first measure to be taken for preventing this destructive disease is to use clean seeds for planting. 3. The excessive heat during the operation of the device was one of the problems to be solved. 4. Dmitri Ivanovsky (1864-1920) was the first to describe the virus responsible for mosaic disease in tobacco. 5. The American biochemist W.M. Stanley was the first to isolate a virus, the tobacco mosaic virus. 6. The females are the first to rise to the surface where they deposit a scintillating spawn that attracts the males. 7. They were the first disease-causing microbes to be identified. 8. This is the problem to be paid attention to first of all. 9. He was the first to have introduced this method. 10. The group of closely related species to be assigned to Paraleuctra includes many others. 11. The tobacco mosaic virus was the first to be discovered; it was the first to be obtained. 12. There are several more questions to be answered in this connection. 13. He is always the first to come to the laboratory. 14. She was always the last to complete the experiment. 15. Everybody is interested in the problem to be discussed at the conference of our Student Scientific Society. 16. The rate of hydrolysis shortly to become slower will not satisfy the requirement needs for photosynthesis. 17. The problems to be discussed at the conference are connected with the future of Nature. 18. The plan to be spoken of is of great-interest. 19. There are undoubtedly many problems to be solved in the nearest future. 20. The questions to be dealt with in this chapter are of primary importance. 21. The plant forms to be found in this region are very variable. 22. Urea was the first organic compound to be synthesized from inorganic materials. 23. The dog Laika was the first living creature to fly aloft in an artificial earth satellite. 24. The substance to be tested must be wet or in a solution. 25. We asked the chief of the chair about the method to be recommended for this work.

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English. Pay attention to the Infinitive.

1. Он первым предложил нам помощь. 2. У нее не было никого, кто бы помог ей. 3. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, что-нибудь от бессонницы. 4. Это не тот человек, с которым можно поговорить на эту тему. 5. Нечего бояться: вы не виноваты. 6. Я последний узнал о его приезде. 7. У меня нет желания ехать на юг. 8. Здесь негде сесть. 9. К тому, что сказано, добавить нечего. 10. Он ушел из лаборатории последим. 11. Он отвечал вторым. 12. Я пришел первым. 13. У нас есть что-нибудь вкусное, чтобы подать на десерт? 14. Предстоит упаковать еще много вещей. 15. У вас есть друзья, которые смогли бы вам помочь? 16. Я на этой неделе буду занят у меня много дел. 17. Она всегда найдет над чем посмеяться.

5. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier of):

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03