Chauvinism as nationalism

Two forms of Xenophobia

The first is a population group present within a society that is not considered part of that society. Often they are recent immigrants, but xenophobia may be directed against a group which has been present for centuries, or became part of this society through conquest and territorial expansion. This form of xenophobia can elicit or facilitate hostile and violent reactions, such as mass expulsion of immigrants, pogroms or in other cases, genocide. The second form of xenophobia is primarily cultural, and the objects of the phobia are cultural elements which are considered alien.

Chauvinism, in its original and primary meaning, is an exaggerated, bellicose patriotism and a belief in national superiority and glory. A contemporary use of the term in English is in the phrase male chauvinism. Because "chauvinism" is most often heard in this context, it is often mistakenly believed to refer exclusively to "male chauvinism" such as anti-feminism and sexism.

Chauvinism is an almost natural product of the national concept in so far as it springs directly from the old idea of the "national mission."... A nation's mission might be interpreted precisely as bringing its light to other, less fortunate peoples that, for whatever reason, have miraculously been left by history without a national mission. As long as this concept did not develop into the ideology of chauvinism and remained in the rather vague realm of national or even nationalistic pride, it frequently resulted in a high sense of responsibility for the welfare of backward people.

1.3 Chose the most appropriate word for the sentences below:

1. Xenophobia comes from the Greek word meaning..

a) strength and health; b) stranger and fear; c) faith and belief.

1. Xenophobia can be exhibited in the form of culture where culture is….

a) a part of national life; b) real and routine quality; c) unreal, stereotyped, exotic quality.

1. Chauvinism is an almost natural product of the concept of the idea of

a) “national mission”; b) national idea; c) national identity.

1. Male chauvinism is a term used to describe …

a) the belief that women are superior to men; b) the belief that men are superior to women; c) the belief that white men are superior to all men on Earth.

1. Female chauvinism is a term used to describe …

a) attitude that women are superior to men; b) attitude that white women are superior to all men; c) attitude that men are superior to women.

b) are superior to all men; c) attitude that men are superior to women.

1. Using the dictionary and the Internet find the definition for discrimination. Are there any general or specific forms? What are the specific forms of discrimination? What is your personal attitude towards different forms of it? Have ever been a victim of discrimination? Are there any ways to fight against it?
2. Prove your feelings writing six sentences expressing your attitude towards:

Дата добавления: 2014-12-23