H. Match the modals in sentences 1-7 with their corresponding meanings in a-e

E. Choose the two appropriate endings for sentences 1-5 from the list of possible endings a-j. Explain how the meaning of the modal verb depends upon the ending.

Example:

1.c They could have passed the exams with flying colours if they had been more assiduous and conscientious. (This was possible but it didn’t happen).

1.f They could have passed the exams with flying colours but if they did, we were not told. (We don’t know if this happened or not).

1. They could have passed the exams with flying colours…………

2. Ann could have submitted her diploma work before the dead line…….

3. He might have copied from his fellow student’s test paper…………….

4. Ted might have made key contributions to the debate………………

5. Jane could have sold her inspirations…………………………

a) but she fell seriously ill.

b) but he was too self-conscious and sat reticently.

c) if they had been more assiduous and conscientious.

d) if he had been expelled from college.

e) if she had had a feel for the education market.

f) but if they did, we were not told.

g) but he decided to be honest and handed in his test paper half-done.

h) but her computer broke, and she didn’t print the final chapter.

i) but she lacked inspirational and open-minded attitudes.

j) if he had been scored high at the seminar.

Making deductions

F. Match 1-6 with the correct sentence endings in a-f, then complete the spaces in 1-6 with must have (done) or can’t/couldn’t have (done).

1. Paul____________ turned up for most lectures and seminars………

2. He ______________ plagiarized………….

3. He _____________ used shortcuts …………….

4. Professor Kurt ________________ viewed his teaching practice as an unwelcome interruption to his academic work………….

5. He ______________ studied the problem thoroughly………..

6. John _________ been mystified by the syllabus or assignments……

a) because he doesn’t enjoy it at all.

b) because he is knowledgeable about the problems discussed there.

c) because he was quite aware that they challenge his knowledge and

d) because he knows almost every detail of it.

e) because he was praised for his creativity and special approach to the topic.

f) because at the conference he didn’t refer to any notes.

G. Use must have been or can’t/couldn’t have been to make deductions about the situations in 1-6.

1 She was sitting reticently at the seminar again.

2. That day he was the last to be thrown out of the library.

3. Look! John is coping from his fellow student’s test paper.

4 Aren’t there any separate sheets of paper on my table? I remember leaving them there.

5. He was poor at striking the right balance between working and enjoying himself.

6. Where is Ann? She is in her room scribbling something madly paying no attention to anything.

Necessity and obligation

1. The Headmaster told the pre-service teachers that they needed todo extra-curriculum activities with their pupils, so they did.

2. The Headmaster told the pre-service teachers that they needed todo extra-curriculum activities with their pupils, but they paid little attention to his words.

3. The Headmaster told the pre-service teachers that they didn’t need todo extra-curriculum activities with their pupils, but they did it anyway.

4. The Headmaster told the pre-service teachers that they didn’t need todo extra-curriculum activities with their pupils, so they didn’t.

5. The Headmaster told the pre-service teachers that they needn’t have done extra-curriculum activities with their pupils, but by then they’d already had done it.

6. The Headmaster told the pre-service teachers that they ought to have done extra-curriculum activities with their pupils, so he didn’t score their practice high.

7. The Headmaster told the pre-service teachers that they shouldn’t have don e extra-curriculum activities with their pupils, because they kept the children very long after classes at school.

a) action was not necessary, but has already been taken anyway

b) action was necessary or obligatory, and it was wrong not to have taken it

c) action was not necessary, or was prohibited, and it was wrong to have taken it

d) action was not necessary, and may or may not have been taken subsequently

e) action was necessary and may or may not have been taken subsequently

Дата добавления: 2014-12-23