This is an alphabetical list of terms to be internalized by a pre-service teacher. It may come handy while tailoring a lesson or elaborating some activity

Accuracy- The ability to produce language in an grammatically correct way. Compare fluency.

Activity - A short task which is part of a lesson, perhaps lasting 15-20 minutes. Synonymous here with a task.

Aims - The behavioural objectives of a lesson (e.g. The learners will be able to order tickets for a film over the telephone.)

Authentic materials - Texts from real-life sources (e.g. magazine articles, original cassette recordings) originally intended for native speakers.

Body language - Non-verbal communication. The way someone communicates a message with their body (e.g. by eye contact, facial expression, gestures, posture).

Brainstorm - To collect together ideas very quickly, without judging whether the ideas are good or not. Also a brainstorm.

Classroom management - The way a teacher organises her classroom and learners (e.g. how the furniture is organised, when to start and stop activities).

Cloze - A technique used commonly in teaching reading and listening, where words are removed from a text and replaced by gaps. The learners then fill in the gaps.

Communicative language teaching - The goal of this teaching method is communication, both in the classroom and in real life. It generally encourages more learner talk for real communicative purposes and a facilitative role for the teacher.

EFL - Acronym for English as a Foreign Language.

Error - A mistake made in language learning which shows that the learner hasn't yet learnt something.

Evaluation - Gathering information about a class or an individual in order to form a judgment (e.g. about English level or about a trainee's teaching).

Facilitator - An assistant to or a guide of a group, who helps the group to find their own answers rather than providing them with 'right' answers.

Feedback - Information that is given to learners about their spoken or written performance, or to trainees or teachers about their teaching.

Fluency - The ability to produce language easily, to communicate quickly but not necessarily with grammatical correctness. Compare accuracy.

Gist - The main idea or message of a text, either spoken or written.

Humanistic activities - Teaching techniques which emphasise the whole person and acceptance of his or her individual values and emotions. Also humanism.

Hyponym - Aword which is included in the meaning of another word (e.g. daisy is a hyponym of flower).

Inference - Aguess about something from a text, reading between the lines. Also to infer.

Information gap - An activity in which a learner knows something that another learner does not know, so has to communicate to 'close the gap'. Information gaps are used a lot in communicative language teaching (e.g. two learners have two different pictures and have to find the differences between them without showing their pictures to each other).

Integrated skills - All of the language skills (listening, reading, speaking, writing) together. Integrated skills activities bring together different language skills (e.g. learners discuss a writing assignment, thus practising listening, speaking and writing).

Interaction - Patterns of communication (verbal and non-verbal) between people.

Jigsaw tending - An activity which involves re-ordering a mixed up text to find its correct order; it helps learners see the connections between parts of a written text.

Language acquisition - 'Picking up' a language; not learning it consciously, but by being exposed to it in natural situations (e.g. as a child learns his first language). Often contrasted with language learning, which Involves a conscious knowledge of the language (e.g. grammatical rules).

Language skills - There are four principal language skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing. The skills also involve grammar and vocabulary.

Learner-centered teaching - Learning situations where information and ideas are brought to the class by learners and used as learning material and which are concerned with the interests, needs, learning styles, feelings, lives and/or values of learners.

Learning strategy - Aprocess or technique which a learner uses to help herself to learn a language (e.g. looking at a photograph above a newspaper article before reading is a reading strategy).

Learning style - The way a particular learner learns something (e.g. by watching, by doing).

Method - The procedures and techniques that are characteristic of teaching.

Mind map - Adiagram which supposedly represents the brain or the mind: topics are clustered on the page together as they are believed to be collected in the brain.

Mixed-ability class - Agroup of learners whose proficiency levels span a range (e.g. high-beginning, low intermediate, high-intermediate).

Monitoring - What a teacher does while learners are doing an activity (e.g. group work); walking around the class and listening to, checking or helping learners.

Observation - Gathering information together by-watching a class, in order to describe what is happening.

Problem-solving activity - An activity where a learner has to solve a problem (e.g. learners have descriptions of several applicants and have to decide together who might be the best one for a certain job).

Productive skills - Speaking and writing. Learners are required to produce the language by speaking and writing. Compare receptive skills.

Realia - Things from real life which are used for learning (e.g. classroom furniture, pictures, household objects).

Receptive skills - Listening and reading. Learners are receiving language and processing it, without producing it.

Role-play - A communicative activity in which learners talk to each other in different character roles.

Scanning - Reading quickly to find specific information from a text. Compare skimming.

Simulation - A role-play where you play yourself in a given situation.

Skimming -Reading quickly to find the main idea(s) of a text. Compare scanning.

Teaching space - The area that a teacher uses in the classroom while teaching.

Transition - The way a teacher makes a link between two separate parts of a lesson.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-23