Unit 5 prefixes and their meaning

1) Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:

un – equal (равный) – un equal (неравный)

im – possible (возможный) – im possible (невозможный)

in – ability (способность) – in ability (неспособность)

ir – regular (регулярный) – ir regular (нерегулярный)

il – legal (легальный) – il legal (нелегальный)

dis – honest (честный) – dis honest (нечестный)

mis – to understand (понимать) – to mis understand (неправильно понять)

non – interference (вмешательство) – non -interference (невмешательство)

2) Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие:

un – to tie (связывать) – to un tie (развязывать)

dis – to appear (появляться) – to dis appear (исчезать)

de – to control (контролировать) – to de control (освобождать от контроля)

anti – aircraft (самолет) – anti - aircraft (противовоздушный)

counter – to act (действовать) – to counter act (противодействовать)

3) Префиксы, имеющие значение «сверх», «пере», «чрезмерно».

over – to pay (платить) - to over pay (переплатить)

super – human (человеческий) – to super human (сверхчеловеческий)

ultra – violet (фиолетовый) – ultra – violet (ультрафиолетовый)

4) Префикс, обозначающий повторное действие со значением «снова», «заново», «вновь», «пере – », «вос – », «повторный»:

re – to construct (строить) – re construct (перестроить)

5) Префиксы, обозначающие общность действия, имеющие значение «между», «взаимно»:

co– operation (действие) – co- operation (сотрудничество)

inter– national (национальный) – inter national (интернациональный)

6) Префиксы, которые переводятся как:

а) «перед», «до»:

pre – historic (исторический) – pre historic (доисторический)

war (война, военный) – pre- war (довоенный)

б) «после»

post– war (война) – post – war (послевоенный)

в) «недостаточно», «недо-»:

under – to pay (платить) – to under pay (недоплачивать)

г) «под»:

sub – division (разделение) – sub division (подразделение)

д) «экс», «бывший»:

ex – champion (чемпион) – ex –champion (бывший чемпион)

е) «полу»:

semi – conductor (проводник) – semi conductor (полупроводник)

ж) «много»

multy – storey (этаж) – multi-storey (многоэтажный)

з) «дву(х)»:

bi – centenary (век) – bicentenary (двухсотлетие)

7) Префиксы глагола, имеющие значение «делать»:

en – large (большой) – to en large (увеличивать, делать больше)

danger (опасность) – to en danger (подвергать опасности)

force (сила) – to en force (принуждать, настаивать)

circle (круг) – to en circle (окружать)

5.1 In the following exercises syllables or words are to be added to the front of other words to change or add to their meaning. Where necessary, hyphens have been placed in the sentences.

1) co – (= with, together) / re – (= again) / ex – (= former, before)

inter – (= between)

Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below.

1 The …… -pilot took over the plane’s controls while the captain had a coffee and sandwich.

2 The US and Russia can attack each other with …… -continental missiles.

3 Germany and France are …… -operating on the design of a new space – rocket.

4 She’s divorced but she’s still on good terms with her …… -husband.

5 Does …… national sport really improve relations between countries?

6 The teacher told his student to …… writes his bad composition.

7 The local trains are slow but the …… -city services are excellent.

8 Most houses need to be …… painted every five to seven years.

9 Men who once served in the armed services are called …… -servicemen.

10 Both boys and girls go to that school. It’s …… -educational.

2) bi – (= two) / pre – (=before) / semi – (= half) / counter – (= in the opposite direction)

Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below.

1 We managed to drive the enemy back, but they …… attacked.

2 The back wheel of a ……. cycle bears more weight than the front wheel.

3 Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago in …… historic times.

4 The pupils’ desks were arranged in a …… circle round the teacher.

5 His father is Greek and his mother is Italian so he’s …… lingual.

6 It was a …… lateral agreement, signed by India and Pakistan.

7 Bibby is three. She goes to a …… -school playgroup every morning.

8 The …… espionage department has caught three foreign spies.

9 Houses in Britain are often built in pairs. They’re called …… -detached.

10 He was only …… - conscious when the ambulance arrived and he died in hospital.

3) post – (= after) / mono – (= one) / anti – (= against) / non – (= not)

Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below.

1 He got his university degree last year. Now he’s doing …… graduate studies.

2 Some flights go from London to the Middle East ……. -stop.

3 The words ‘fat’, ‘help’, and ‘come’ are all …… syllables.

4 That’s …… sense! You don’t know what you’re talking about!

5 The principal …… -war problem was to rebuild the destroyed cities and industries.

6 Maybe future trains will run on just a single rail. This system is called a …… rail.

7 To prevent petrol from freezing, put ……. freeze in the tank.

8 I’m not …… - marriage. I think it’s a very good custom.

9 I’m afraid the club is not open to ……. -members.

4) multi – (= many) / trans – (=across) / super – (= above, more than) /

de – (= acting against)

Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below.

1 The countryside is becoming ……. forested soon quickly that soon there’ll be no trees left at all.

2 He works in London and in New York so he’s a regular ……. Atlantic air passenger.

3 The train became ……. railed at 60 miles per hour but no one was seriously hurt.

4 He was so powerful that he sometimes seemed almost ……. human.

5 It is now possible to ……. plant a heart from a dead person to a living one.

6 Britain has people from all over the world. It’s a ……. racial society.

7 The villages are becoming …….. populated as more and more people move to the cities.

8 He believes in ghosts and magic and other …….. natural things.

9 Concorde is a ……. sonic plane. It flies faster than sound.

10 He’s incredibly rich. He’s certainly a ……. -millionaire.

5) pro – (=for, in favour of) / sub – (= under) / uni – (= one) / tri – (= three)

Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below.

1 That road is very dangerous. Use the …… way to get across.

2 That newspaper is very left- wing. In fact it’s ……. -communist.

3 The ……. marine approached the warship unseen.

4 They have discovered some …….. terranean caves 200 feet down.

5 Soldiers, policemen and firemen wear …….. form. Teachers don’t.

6 Small children ride ……. cycles, not bicycles.

7 He likes British people and culture. He’s very ……. -British.

8 A shape with three angles is called a ……. angle.

9 The …... - war party wanted more arms and a bigger army.

10 Both men and women have their hair cut there. It’s a …… sex salon.

6) over – (=too much) / under – (= not enough)

Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentences below.

1 He needs a good holiday. He’s suffering from ……. work.

2 She didn’t hear the alarm clock and ……. slept.

3 It needs to be cooked a little more. It’s ……. done.

4 You’ve ……. charged me. The price is £8 not £10.

5 They say they’re ……. paid and want more money.

6 There aren’t enough people in the country. It’s ……. populated.

7 There were too many people in the room. It was ……. crowded.

8 Rich nations should give more aid to ……. developed countries.

9 He’s fat and lazy. It’s because he ……. eats.

10 We …... estimated the cost of the holiday and ran out of money.

7) un – / dis –

Put one of the above prefixes in each space in the phrases below to make the word which follows it opposite in meaning.

1 a(n) ________ comfortable chair

2 a(n) ________ believable story

3 a(n) ________ punctual train

4 a(n) ________ respectful pupil

5 a(n) ________ popular man

6 a(n) ________ honest shopkeeper

7 a(n) ________ lucky accident

8 a(n) ________ familiar city

9 a(n) ________ satisfied customer

10 a(n) ________ grateful child

11 a(n) ________ united party

12 to ________ lock a door

13 to _______ believe a story

14 to _______ agree with someone

15 to _______ like cheese

16 to _______ appear round the corner

17 to _______ cover buried treasure

18 to ______ obey an order

8) ir – / il – / im– / in –

Put one of the above prefixes in each space in the phrases below to make the word which follows it opposite in meaning.

1 an ________ resistible temptation

2 an ________ possible plan

3 an ________ legal business deal

4 an ________ accurate calculation

5 an ________ mature young man

6 an ________ moral action

7 an ________ convenient arrangement

8 an ________ logical answer

9 an ________ responsible boy

10 an ________ patient motorist

11 an ________ secure feeling

12 an ________ relevant question

13 an _______ polite letter

14 an ________ literate person

15 ________ frequent buses

16 ________ legible handwriting

17 an ________ curable illness

18 an ________ regular train service

19 an ________ dependent country

20 _________ formal clothes

21 an ________ replaceable work of art

22 an ________ expensive present

Дата добавления: 2014-12-24