Major categories of financial ratios

Financial statements.

Accounting standards, principles and assumptions.

3.5.9

Section D

Section C

Balance Sheet (B/S)

Баланс предприятия – одна из форм финансовой отчетности (Financial Statements), в которой приводится информация об активах (Assets), пассивах (Liabilities) и капитале (Capital) предприятия по состоянию на определенную дату. Закон о компаниях (Companies Act) предписывает определенные формы Баланса (Balance Sheet Formats) и требует, чтобы он давал правдивое и беспристрастное отражение (true and fair view) состояния дел компании.

Balance Sheet Formats

(Формы Баланса предприятия/компании)

В Великобритании Законом о компаниях разрешается представлять Баланс в двух форматах: горизонтальном (Horizontal Format) и вертикальном (Vertical Format). Формат Баланса американских корпораций отличается от формата, принятого в Великобритании, терминологией и тем, что в нем вначале приводится информация о наиболее ликвидных статьях активов (Assets) и привлеченных средств (Liabilities), а не наоборот, как делается в Великобритании. Большинство английских компаний предпочитают вертикальный формат. Из числа других государств – членов ЕС только в Германии и Италии необходимо представлять Баланс исключительно в горизонтальном формате.

5.5.8 a. What do the following abbreviations stand for?

SEC	EBIT	A/cs.Rec	MU
Ltd	GAAP	Aud	O/H
A=L+C	IFRS	Bal	PFD
A/cs.Pay	SAP	B/p	P/L
COGS	A/c	B/r	PPD
SG&A	ACCA	Int	SE (1)
EBITDA	Acct	IOU	SE(2)

b. Search for keywords net worth, current maturities of long-term debt, accrued liabilities, deferred income, deferred income taxes, admitted assets, treasury stock, commitments, contingent liabilities in the Internet to find further information about one of these items and report on your findings.

A. Use the plan below and the phrases that follow to make a presentation on one of the following subjects:

§ What is accounting information used for?

Greetings	Introduction (Preparing the audience)	Main Part (Delivering the message)	Conclusion (Winding-up)
Dear listeners!	First let me introduce myself; I am... from....	Let us clear first of all over … (e.g the organisation structure / the general aims, etc...)	So, to cut a long story short ….
Ladies and gentlemen!	I’d like to talk about....	The first point to make is that ….	In conclusion …
Good morning / afternoon, colleagues!	May I venture to remind you of....	The next point is that ….	Looking back, …
Esteemed Mr. Chairman, Esteemed colleagues!	Do you want to take the questions as we go, or leave them to the end?	I must emphasize....	That’s about all there is to it.
Mr.Chairman, Dear colleagues!	My purpose here today is (to speak about) …	At this point we have to bear in mind....	This brings me to the end of my presentation.
		To go back to my earlier point....	Thank you for listening.
		Now, to change the subject for a moment....	Before I finish I’d like to run through the main points once again.

B. Comment on the given presentation. Make use of the following points and helpful phrases. Do your best so as not to offend the speaker and to show the positive sides of the presentation rather than criticise it:

- The timing

· The length of time that the presentation under review is expected to take was beyond the limit / appropriate / quite acceptable

-The lay-out of the presentation

· The way in which the parts of the presentation are laid out was justified.

· The presentation is arranged(set out) in an appropriate way

· to be a coherent whole

· Task set is (not) achieved due to (because of the lack of) organisation and linking devices.

- The manner of presentation

· to be able to get the message across clearly

· the presentation avoids the usual pitfalls of...

· to encourage feedback

- General language ability

· (not) to impede communication (about mispronouncing and grammatical errors)

· to have a good (poor, adequate, appropriate) command of the language

· to use helpful phrases (active vocabulary)

· the inaccuracy was quite occasional

· to reveal competence

- The contents of the presentation

· to know the ins and outs of the subject

· to be a good fit

· the speaker wasted time invainly trying to...

· to streamline the facts

- The use of visuals and slide structure

· …the layout of the slides is clear and the illustrations are helpful …

· to help the audience concentrate on what the lecturer is saying

· the chosen fonts (colour, background, graphs highlight the layout of the presentation

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