А. Обратите внимание на соответствие англо-американских единиц измерения и метрических мер, которые встретятся вам в текстах

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Составьте план прочитанного текста.

Прочитайте 2-й абзац и найдите подтверждение тому, что ТОУ --- переносная система.

3.14. Сравните модификации ПТУР «ТОУ». Найдите сходства и различия.

3.15. Сравните ПТУР «ТОУ» и «Дракон». В чём их сходство и различие?

3.17. Просмотрите следующие тексты и подберите к ним следующие заголовки: Machine Guns; Submachine Guns;

Three Main Types of Artillery “Gun”.

The submachine gun is a secondary individual weapon which fires a pistol-caliber cartridge and is intended primary for self-defense in close combat, where quick shooting is required. It is highly effective at close quarters. It is very dependable, because of the simplicity of its mechanism. The soldier who uses the weapon properly can attain considerable accuracy in firing automatic fire at close ranges.

The high rate of fire, and the ability of the soldier to move the direction of fire at will, make the submachine gun particularly effective against moving personnel.

close guarters --- ближний бой

The three main types of artillery “gun” are Guns, Howitzers and Mortars. The traditional definitions differentiated between Guns and Howitzers is in terms of maximum elevation angle (well less than 45° or close to or greater than 45°), number of charges (one or more than one charge), and having higher or lower muzzle velocity, sometimes indicated by barrel length.

True Guns are characterized by long range, having a maximum elevation significantly less than 45°, a relatively long barrel, and a single charge. The guns are typically high-velocity weapons designed primarily for a direct-fire role. Typically the length of a cannon barrel is greater than 25 times its caliber (inner diameter).

Howitzers can fire at maximum elevations as least close to 45° and up to about 70° usual for modern ones. They also have a choice of charges, meaning that the same elevation angle of fire will achieve a different range depending on the charge used. They have lower muzzle velocities and shorter barrels than equivalent guns. Howitzers are often employed in an indirect-fire role, capable of operating in defilade. Typically, the length of a howitzer cannon is between 15 and 25 times its caliber.

Mortars are simple, low-velocity, high-angle weapons capable of only high-trajectory fire at a relatively short range. They are characterized by a short barrel, smooth bore, low muzzle velocity, generally firing at an elevation angle greater than 45º. Typically the length of a mortar barrel is less than 15 times its caliber.

elevation angle (angle of fire) --- угол возвышения, угол

прицеливания

barrel --- ствол

smooth bore --- гладкоствольный

Machine guns are classified as light, medium, or heavy. Classifications are determined by a combination of weapon caliber, weapon system weight, crew size, and the primary type of intended target. The light machine gun (LMG) classification generally includes.22 to.250 caliber (5.45mm to6mm) automatic weapons. An LMG typically weighs between 15 and 30 pounds. An LMG is normally manned by the crew of one or two individuals depending on the accessories being used. The medium machine gun (MMG) classification generally includes.264 to.33 caliber (6.4mm to 8mm) automatic weapons. Typical MMG weights are 25 pounds or more when loaded with 50 rounds of ammunition. The MMG is generally employed by the crew of three. The heavy machine gun (HMG) classification generally includes.50 caliber or larger (12.7mm to 15mm) automatic weapons. The weight of a heavy machine gun is substantial. An HMG is normally manned by the crew of four or more personnel. HMGs are primarily employed against field fortifications, vehicles, and aircraft. They are generally effective against these types of targets at ranges of 1,000 meters or greater.

crew --- экипаж, расчет

1 тонна длинная, американская (long ton) = 1016,047 кг

1 тонна короткая, американская (short ton) = 907,185 кг

1 фунт (pound, lb) = 453, 593 г

1 миля морская (nautical mile) = 1853, 2 м

1 миля сухопутная (statute mile) = 1609, 2 м

1 фут (foot) = 0, 305 м

1 дюйм (inch) = 2, 54 см

В. Просмотрите тексты и заполните таблицу.

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