Существительные

NOUNS

PERSONAL, POSSESSIVE, REFLEXIVE, EMPHATIC

Местоимения

PRONOUNS

BE, DO, HAVE

Многофункциональные глаголы

MULTIFUNCTIONAL VERBS

	Main Verb основной	Auxiliary Verb вспомогательный	Modal Verb модальный
BE	быть I am17. We (you/they) are students. She is my sister-in-law. He is not here. We (you, they) were students in 1999. Where have you been?	не переводится 1) во временах Progressive I am learning to drive a car. We (you, they) are having lunch now. (S)he is planning to go to France next year. The family were (was) having lunch at this time yesterday. What have you been doing since then? 2) in the Passive Voice English is spoken here. His leg was hurt in an accident. They have been married for twenty years.	дожен/должна/должны (договоренность)   Weare tosign the contract on Tuesday. He is to come at 3 o’clock.
HAVE	иметь   I (you/we/they)havea Peugeot 370. (US) (S)hehasa cottage in the country. (US) I (you/we/they)have gota Peugeot 370. (Br.) (S)hehas gota cottage in the country. (Br.)	не переводится во временах Perfect   (S)he hasn’t studied much this term. They (you, we, I) have been here several times before.	Дожен/должна/должны (необходимость)   Youhave towrite the report yourself. There is nobody to help. Shehas toget up early to cook breakfast for her big family. I don’t have to walk. A friend of mine will give me a lift.
DO	делать What do you do? What are you doing? What have you done?	не переводится во временах Simple What do you do? Does he often work late? – No, he doesn’t. I don’t feel like getting out tonight.

Personal личные	Possessive притяжательные	Reflexive возвратные Emphatic усилительные
Кто/что?	Кого/чего/что кем/чем? и т.д.	I	II
I He She It We You They	me him her it us you them	my his her its our your their   This is my pen.	mine his hers its ours yours theirs   This pen is mine.	myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

1. Местоимение It может использоваться в следующих значениях:

a) указательное местоимение это

It is a car. – Это машина.

б) личное местоимение он, она, оно

It is a car. It is black. – Это машина. Она черная.

в) в функции фиктивного подлежащего при переводе безличных предложений (на русский язык не переводится)

It is cold today. – Сегодня холодно.

2. Возвратные местоимения либо не переводятся на русский язык либо переводятся словами себя, себе, собой.

She dressed herself carefully for the party. – Она оделась …

She cooked himself a good meal. – Он приготовил себе …

3. Усилительные местоимения на русский язык передаются словами сам, сама, само, сами.

Tom did the work himself. –Том выполнил работу сам.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-25