Table of contents 1 страница

FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL........................................................................................... 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................ 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 11

SURVIVAL ACTIONS......................................................................................................................... 11

S -Size Up the Situation.................................................................................................................... 11

U -Use All Your Senses, Undue Haste Makes Waste...................................................................... 11

R -Remember Where You Are......................................................................................................... 12

V -Vanquish Fear and Panic............................................................................................................. 12

I -Improvise....................................................................................................................................... 12

V -Value Living.................................................................................................................................. 12

A -Act Like the Natives..................................................................................................................... 12

L -Live by Your Wits, But for Now, Learn Basic Skills...................................................................... 13

PATTERN FOR SURVIVAL............................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER 2 - PSYCHOLOGY OF SURVIVAL..................................................................................... 14

A LOOK AT STRESS.......................................................................................................................... 14

Need for Stress................................................................................................................................. 14

Survival Stressors............................................................................................................................. 15

NATURAL REACTIONS..................................................................................................................... 16

Anger and Frustration....................................................................................................................... 17

Depression........................................................................................................................................ 17

Loneliness and Boredom.................................................................................................................. 17

Guilt................................................................................................................................................... 18

PREPARING YOURSELF.................................................................................................................. 18

Know Yourself................................................................................................................................... 18

Anticipate Fears................................................................................................................................ 18

Be Realistic....................................................................................................................................... 18

Adopt a Positive Attitude................................................................................................................... 18

Remind Yourself What Is at Stake................................................................................................... 19

Train.................................................................................................................................................. 19

Learn Stress Management Techniques............................................................................................ 19

CHAPTER 3 - SURVIVAL PLANNING AND SURVIVAL KITS............................................................. 20

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING.......................................................................................................... 20

SURVIVAL KITS.................................................................................................................................. 20

CHAPTER 4 - BASIC SURVIVAL MEDICINE....................................................................................... 22

REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH................................................................... 22

Water................................................................................................................................................. 22

Food.................................................................................................................................................. 23

Plant Foods....................................................................................................................................... 24

Animal Foods.................................................................................................................................... 24

Personal Hygiene.............................................................................................................................. 24

Keep Your Hands Clean................................................................................................................... 25

Keep Your Hair Clean....................................................................................................................... 25

Keep Your Clothing Clean................................................................................................................ 25

Keep Your Teeth Clean.................................................................................................................... 25

Take Care of Your Feet.................................................................................................................... 25

Get Sufficient Rest............................................................................................................................ 25

Keep Camp Site Clean..................................................................................................................... 26

MEDICAL EMERGENCIES................................................................................................................ 26

Breathing Problems.......................................................................................................................... 26

Severe Bleeding................................................................................................................................ 26

Shock................................................................................................................................................ 26

LIFESAVING STEPS.......................................................................................................................... 26

Open Airway and Maintain............................................................................................................... 26

Control Bleeding................................................................................................................................ 27

Direct Pressure................................................................................................................................. 28

Elevation........................................................................................................................................... 29

Pressure Points................................................................................................................................ 29

Digital Ligation................................................................................................................................... 30

Tourniquet......................................................................................................................................... 30

Prevent and Treat Shock.................................................................................................................. 31

BONE AND JOINT INJURY............................................................................................................... 33

Fractures........................................................................................................................................... 33

Dislocations....................................................................................................................................... 35

Sprains.............................................................................................................................................. 35

BITES AND STINGS........................................................................................................................... 36

Treatment.......................................................................................................................................... 36

Bee and Wasp Stings........................................................................................................................ 36

Spider Bites and Scorpion Stings..................................................................................................... 37

Snakebites........................................................................................................................................ 37

WOUNDS............................................................................................................................................ 39

Open Wounds................................................................................................................................... 39

Skin Diseases and Ailments............................................................................................................. 40

Boils.................................................................................................................................................. 40

Fungal Infections............................................................................................................................... 40

Rashes.............................................................................................................................................. 40

Frostbite............................................................................................................................................ 41

Trench Foot....................................................................................................................................... 41

Burns................................................................................................................................................. 41

ENVIRONMENTAL INJURIES........................................................................................................... 41

Heatstroke......................................................................................................................................... 42

Hypothermia..................................................................................................................................... 42

Diarrhea............................................................................................................................................ 42

Intestinal Parasites............................................................................................................................ 43

HERBAL MEDICINES........................................................................................................................ 43

CHAPTER 5 - SHELTERS..................................................................................................................... 44

SHELTER SITE SELECTION............................................................................................................. 44

TYPES OF SHELTERS...................................................................................................................... 45

Poncho Lean-To............................................................................................................................... 45

Poncho Tent...................................................................................................................................... 46

Three-Pole Parachute Tepee........................................................................................................... 47

One-Pole Parachute Tepee.............................................................................................................. 48

No-Pole Parachute Tepee................................................................................................................ 49

One-Man Shelter.............................................................................................................................. 50

Parachute Hammock....................................................................................................................... 51

Field-Expedient Lean-To................................................................................................................... 51

Swamp Bed...................................................................................................................................... 52

Natural Shelters................................................................................................................................ 53

Debris Hut......................................................................................................................................... 53

Tree-Pit Snow Shelter....................................................................................................................... 54

Beach Shade Shelter........................................................................................................................ 55

Desert Shelters................................................................................................................................. 56

CHAPTER 6 - WATER PROCUREMENT............................................................................................. 59

WATER SOURCES............................................................................................................................ 59

STILL CONSTRUCTION.................................................................................................................... 64

Aboveground Still.............................................................................................................................. 64

Belowground Still.............................................................................................................................. 65

WATER PURIFICATION.................................................................................................................... 67

WATER FILTRATION DEVICES........................................................................................................ 67

CHAPTER 7 - FIRECRAFT.................................................................................................................... 69

BASIC FIRE PRINCIPLES................................................................................................................. 69

SITE SELECTION AND PREPARATION.......................................................................................... 69

FIRE MATERIAL SELECTION........................................................................................................... 72

HOW TO BUILD A FIRE..................................................................................................................... 72

Tepee................................................................................................................................................ 72

Lean-To............................................................................................................................................. 73

Cross-Ditch....................................................................................................................................... 73

Pyramid............................................................................................................................................. 73

HOW TO LIGHT A FIRE..................................................................................................................... 73

Modern Methods............................................................................................................................... 73

Matches............................................................................................................................................ 74

Convex Lens..................................................................................................................................... 74

Metal Match....................................................................................................................................... 74

Battery............................................................................................................................................... 74

Gunpowder....................................................................................................................................... 74

Primitive Methods............................................................................................................................. 75

Flint and Steel................................................................................................................................... 75

Fire-Plow........................................................................................................................................... 75

Bow and Drill..................................................................................................................................... 75

CHAPTER 8 - FOOD PROCUREMENT............................................................................................... 78

ANIMALS FOR FOOD........................................................................................................................ 78

Insects............................................................................................................................................... 78

Worms............................................................................................................................................... 79

Crustaceans...................................................................................................................................... 79

Mollusks............................................................................................................................................ 79

Fish.................................................................................................................................................... 80

Amphibians....................................................................................................................................... 82

Reptiles............................................................................................................................................. 82

Birds.................................................................................................................................................. 83

Mammals.......................................................................................................................................... 84

TRAPS AND SNARES....................................................................................................................... 84

Use of Bait........................................................................................................................................ 85

Trap and Snare Construction............................................................................................................ 85

Simple Snare..................................................................................................................................... 86

Drag Noose....................................................................................................................................... 86

Twitch-Up.......................................................................................................................................... 87

Twitch-Up Snare............................................................................................................................... 87

Squirrel Pole...................................................................................................................................... 88

Ojibwa Bird Pole............................................................................................................................... 88

Noosing Wand.................................................................................................................................. 89

Treadle Spring Snare........................................................................................................................ 89

Figure 4 Deadfall............................................................................................................................... 90

Paiute Deadfall.................................................................................................................................. 91

Bow Trap........................................................................................................................................... 92

Pig Spear Shaft................................................................................................................................. 93

Bottle Trap......................................................................................................................................... 93

KILLING DEVICES.............................................................................................................................. 94

Rabbit Stick....................................................................................................................................... 94

Spear................................................................................................................................................. 94

Bow and Arrow................................................................................................................................. 94

Sling.................................................................................................................................................. 95

FISHING DEVICES............................................................................................................................. 95

Improvised Fishhooks....................................................................................................................... 95

Stakeout............................................................................................................................................ 95

Gill Net.............................................................................................................................................. 96

Fish Traps......................................................................................................................................... 97

Spearfishing...................................................................................................................................... 98

Chop Fishing..................................................................................................................................... 99

Fish Poison........................................................................................................................................ 99

PREPARATION OF FISH AND GAME FOR COOKING AND STORAGE................................... 100

Fish.................................................................................................................................................. 100

Snakes............................................................................................................................................ 101

Birds................................................................................................................................................ 101

Skinning and Butchering Game...................................................................................................... 102

Smoking Meat................................................................................................................................. 103

Drying Meat.................................................................................................................................... 104

Other Preservation Methods........................................................................................................... 104

Freezing.......................................................................................................................................... 104

Brine and Salt.................................................................................................................................. 104

CHAPTER 9 - SURVIVAL USE OF PLANTS...................................................................................... 105

EDIBILITY OF PLANTS.................................................................................................................... 105

Plant Identification........................................................................................................................... 106

Universal Edibility Test.................................................................................................................... 108

Seaweeds....................................................................................................................................... 111

Preparation of Plant Food............................................................................................................... 111

PLANTS FOR MEDICINE................................................................................................................ 112

Terms and Definitions..................................................................................................................... 112

Specific Remedies.......................................................................................................................... 112

CHAPTER 10 - POISONOUS PLANTS............................................................................................... 115

HOW PLANTS POISON................................................................................................................... 115

ALL ABOUT PLANTS....................................................................................................................... 115

RULES FOR AVOIDING POISONOUS PLANTS........................................................................... 116

CONTACT DERMATITIS................................................................................................................. 116

INGESTION POISONING................................................................................................................ 116

CHAPTER 11 - DANGEROUS ANIMALS........................................................................................... 118

INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS........................................................................................................... 118

Scorpions........................................................................................................................................ 118

Дата добавления: 2014-12-23