Употребление Past Perfect Tense

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

ПРОШЕДШЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Утвердительная форма прошедшего совершенного времени образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в прошедшем неопределенном времени had и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II) смыслового глагола:

Не had written a letter when I came in.	Когда я вошел, он (уже) написал письмо.
They had come back by two o'clock yesterday.	Вчера к двум часам они (уже) возвратились.

Для образования вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол had ставится перед подлежащим, а причастие прошедшего времени смыслового глагола – после подлежащего:

Had he written a letter when I came in?	Он (уже) написал письмо, когда я вошел?
Had they come back by two o'clock yesterday?	Вчера они (уже) возвратились к двум часам?

Для образования отрицательной формы после вспомогательного глагола had ставится отрицательная частица not:

Не had not written a letter when I came in.	Он (еще) не написал письмо, когда я вошел.
They had not come back by two o'clock yesterday.	Они не возвратились к двум часам вчера.

В разговорной речи употребляется сокращенная отрицательная форма:

They hadn't come back by two o'clock yesterday.

Они не возвратились к двум часам вчера.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I (we, you, he, she, it, they) had left before it started raining.	Had you (we, I, he, she, it, they) left before it started raining? -Yes, I had. -No, I hadn’t.	I (we, you, he, she, it, they) had not (hadn’t) left before it started raining.

Past Perfect Tense употребляется

1. Для выражения действия, закончившегося до указанного момента времени в прошлом, который может быть выражен точной датой, часом и т.д.:

We had finished our work by five o'clock.	Мы (уже) закончили свою работу к пяти часам.
They had soldall the computers by the end of the last month.	Они продали все компьютеры к концу месяца.

2. Для выражения действия, предшествовавшего другому действию в прошлом. Обратите внимание, что в этом случае между этими двумя действиями должен быть временной промежуток. Если же действия просто следуют одно за другим, то они выражаются временем Past Indefinite (Simple):

Не had written three letters and was just starting on the fourth, when the door was suddenly flang open and Elsie Clayton rushed into the room.	Он написал три письма и как раз принялся за четвертое, когда дверь вдруг широко распахнулась, и Элси Клейтон стремительно вошла в комнату.
Before I left, I had saidgood-bye to everybody.	Прежде чем уйти, я со всеми попрощался.

3. Для выражения неосуществленных намерений, несбывшихся желаний:

I had wanted to send a telegram but I couldn’t.

Я хотел отправить телеграмму, но не смог.

1. Прочитайте текст, найдите в нем предложения с Past Perfect Tense и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление данного времени.

Adelaide Hall was a very popular jazz singer in Britain during the war years. When she came to Britain in 1938, she had already been famous in America for a number of years. By the end of 1941 she had become one of the best-paid entertainers (эстрадный артист) in Britain and she decided to stay there. She had lived in England for over fifty years when she died in 1993. She had been the first black star to sign a long-term contract with the BBC. By the time of her death she had recorded over seventy discs. During the war Adelaid had worked very hard and she had sung on the radio, in the theatre in the movies and in the nightclubs until the bomb destroyed the club which she had bought in 1940. After that she moved out of London and lived in Surrey countryside. When the war ended, she went to Berlin where whe was shocked by the devastation (разорение, опустошение). Where there had been streets there was nothing but ruins; she saw people had put up wooden boards with the street names written on them to show where the streets had once been. When she left Berlin, she felt very sad.

2. Составьте утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения во времени Past Perfect Tense со следующими глаголами: to buy, to bring, to eat, to teach, to write, to study, to enter, to finish, to cut, to come, to understand, to work.

3. Составьте предложения в Past Perfect Tense.

1) Make / to write / a report by last Friday.

2) The students / to prepare / for the exams by the end of January.

3) Last year they went to England for the first time, they never / to be there before.

4) First the children / to do / their homework and then went for a walk.

5) The police / to make / ten arrests by the time the match ended.

6) Before Mry joined the company, she / not to work / anywhere.

7) Pat / to cook / the breakfast when Sally got up.

8) I couldn’t concentrate in the lesson because I / not to sleep / enough that night.

4. Ответьте на вопросы, используя Past Perfect Tense.

1) Was Tom at the party when you arrived? – No, he / to go / home.

2) Why didn’t Mary want to go to the cinema? – She already / to see / the film.

3) Why didn’t you tell him about my exam? – I didn’t know that you already / to pass / it.

4) Why did she feel tired? – She / to work / hard the day before.

5) Why didn’t he eat supper? – He already / to have / it.

6) When did Alice get to the University? – When the lecture already / to start /.

7) Did you infrom Mr Smith about your decision? – No, he already / to know /.

5. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в нужном времени: Present Perfecr, Past Indefinite, Past Continuous или Past Perfect.

1) Sorry, I’m late. The car (to break) down on my way here.

2) We (to drive) along the road when we (to see) a car which (to break) down and we (to stop) to help them.

3) When I (to see) her she (to be) an old woman which (to be) beautiful in her youth.

4) When children (to come home), their parents already (to decorate) the Christmas-tree and the presents already (to be) prepared.

5) By the date of the examination the students (to pass) all the credit tests.

6) Mary (to hear) a strange noise and (to come) down the stairs but (not to see) anybody. She (to think) that somebody (to knock) at the door and (to run) away.

7) A.: What (to happen) to Harry?

B.: He (to lose) all his money.

A.: How it (to happen)?

B.: It (to happen) when he (to walk) in Paris. He (to get) the the hotel and (to understand) that somebody (to steal) his wallet.

8) She (to become) very rich but she still (to want) to be more successful.

6. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1) К шести часам инженеры закончили тестирование новой установки.

2) Я внезапно вспомнил, что оставил ключи дома.

3) До того как наши шведские коллеги приехали в Мурманск, мы заказали им гостиницу.

4) Прежде чем он уехал, мы договорились с ним о нашем участии в конференции.

5) Мэри часто забывала о своих деловых встречах (appointments), поэтому она завела себе ежедневник (diary).

6) Он посмотрел шестнадцать фильмов к концу февраля.

7) Тони купил новый компьютер, и поэтому он продал свой старый.

8) Когда Роберт пришел домой, он увидел, что кто-то унес его новый дорогой телевизор.

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